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The users of Microsoft, Google, Ecosia and others have to set a search language, which will limit the results of search to the chosen language.

Microsoft diversifies to lingerie they develop a smart bra to monitor stress and discourage emotional eating19.

ALP 14 ALPENIA A.,Google's Nanotechnology, Red herring, available at http://www. redherring. com/hardware/googles-nanotechnology-microsoft-bandhp-goes-3d/,2 november 2014.

and Their Effect on the Object model Examples of widely used Database management systems (DBMSS) are Oracle RDBMS (Oracle), SQL SERVER (Microsoft), DB2 (IBM), Sybase (SAP),

Every Microsoft SQL SERVER database has a transaction log that records all database modifications. Sybase IQ also provides a transaction log.

Probably, there are process-mining case-studies using redo/transaction logs from database management systems like Oracle RDBMS, Microsoft SQL SERVER, IBM DB2,

or initiatives such as Microsoft's Bizspark community of start-up customers) may help to build trust between organisations

Companies such as Google, SAP, Microsoft, Facebook, Dell and IBM are emerging partners with EI in supporting startups.

Two firms, Intel and Microsoft, each invested more than $10 billion in R&d in 2012 and both expect to exceed $10 billion in 2013.

Design/Development Academic Collaborations ICT sector All Industry Respondents 20%40%The U s. leadership in ICT R&d remains strong, with both Intel and Microsoft

%Corporate leaders in ICT R&d investment Nokia Ericsson Canon Huawei Alcatel Lucent Microsoft Intel Cisco IBM Google-10%0%10%20

Alstom, Exxonmobil, General electric, Microsoft, Philips, Siemens and Vestas. The proposal for the creation of technology centers is provided in a concept paper titled Climate Change Technology Centers,

Microsoft 86 LIST OF TASK FORCE PARTICIPANTS, SPEAKERS AND INVITED GUESTS Mr. Peter Dröll Head of Unit DG ENTR European commission Peter.

Relations Manager Legal & Corporate Affairs EMEA Microsoft Belgium tofeehan@microsoft. com Mr. Antonio Hilario Garcia del Riego Head of Corporate Affairs

Hagehülsmann Innovation Manager Europe Microsoft andrehag@microsoft. com Mr. Jacques Hayward Special Advisor Veolia Environment jacques. hayward@veolia. com Mr

doc) and Microsoft Powerpoint(.ppt). ) These data were extracted using Google and merging the results for each filetype after log-normalising in the same way as described before.

and is sponsored by Cisco, Intel and Microsoft; the companies have a long history of supporting education initiatives

International Youth Foundation, 2012), 8, hwww. microsoft. com/en-us/news/presskits/citizenship/docs/finalopp for action paper. pdf. 22 European Foundation for the Improvement of Living

Large companies such as Amazon, Apple, Google, Microsoft, and RIM, who develop and maintain mobile app ecosystems/platforms.

Household tech names such as Google, Intel, Microsoft, Nokia and Vodafone all have a presence there,

between the International Youth Foundation and Microsoft. Build Your Business (BYB) is an interactive entrepreneurship training course designed to introduce young people aged 16-35 to the basic ideas, actions,

Microsoft Youthspark is a global initiative that aims to create opportunities for 300 million youth in more than 100 countries during the next three years.

Through Youthspark, Microsoft will dedicate the majority of its cash contributions to nonprofit organizations that serve the youth population around the world.

In addition, Microsoft Youthspark will include Office 365 for education, free technology tools for all teachers and students,

www. microsoft. com/about/corporatecitizenship/en-us/youthspark/youthsparkhub/7 Getting there becoming ICT-savvy Young people have an innate appetite for learning-be it, alone, in the school system,

including Microsoft, CISCO, HP, Samsung, Apple, and Google, also offer certificates. The self-directed learner can earn some of these certificates online directly.

For example, one can take the Microsoft Digital Literacy curriculum from the Microsoft site173 or enrol at one of the thousands of civil society organizations worldwide that offer this training.

Technology & Social Change Group, University of washington Information School, 2012), www. globalimpactstudy. org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Public-access-private-mobile-final. pdf. 173 Microsoft

Digital Literacy curriculum, www. microsoft. com/about/corporatecitizenship/citizenship/giving/programs/up/digitalliteracy/default. mspx. 174 European Computer Driver Licence, www. ecdl. org.

International Youth Foundation, 2012. www. microsoft. com/enus/news/presskits/citizenship/docs/finalopp for action paper. pdf. Jenvey, Nicola.

while Apple, Amazon and Microsoft control the mobile market and cloud-based services platforms). Apple has started a market that was entirely new;

In business, the experiences of companies such as Microsoft, Procter & gamble, and Amazon suggests that pioneers that create markets through radical innovation are almost never the companies that go on to scale up

whilst Apple, Amazon and Microsoft controlling the mobile market and cloud-based services platforms). Furthermore, the Digital economy is now mainly based on business models that aggregate,

It asks questions about Open source and the Linux phenomenon in the same breath as Schumpeter's (942) oversubscribed creative destruction from IBM to Microsoft to Google.

Microsoft who now increasingly dominate premier academic conferences such as the World wide web Conference. The institutional infrastructure necessary for cutting-edge research no longer requires state investment,

Enterprise clients include Lockheed martin, Microsoft, Livingsocial, VMWARE and Walmart. Another revenue stream is Github Jobs where employers can post job offers for $450/listing.

Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe's productivity challenge A report from the Economist Intelligence Unit sponsored by Microsoft The Economist Intelligence Unit 2004 1 Reaping the benefits of ICT Europe's productivity challenge Acknowledgements

sponsored by Microsoft. The Economist Intelligence Unit bears sole editorial responsibility for the content of the report.

Many large ICT companies (including Microsoft, the sponsor of this report) favour the extension of patents to cover software as a way to strengthen IP protection across Europe

Patrick de Smedt, chairman of Microsoft EMEA, puts leading by example at the top of his prescriptions for policymakers.

and sponsored by Microsoft, seeks to answer these crucial questions. Demographics Which of the following job titles describes your role best?(%

Antony Jenkins, Chief executive officer, Barclays Microsoft is actively working to provide opportunities for European SMES and start-ups by providing access to digital tools,

Chairman, Europe, Microsoft Corporation Benefit for large corporates Benefit for entrepreneurs Risk to one or both partners Company shares in high-potential entrepreneurial ventures Access

Manager, International R&d Management, Laundry and Home Care The Lisbon Council Ann Mettler, Executive director Microsoft Jan Muehlfeit, Chairman, Microsoft Europe Royal DSM

For instance, in a recent speech at the university during his Microsoft 2005 Tour, Bill gates referred to Waterloo as a special relationship for us.

as well as serving to enhance the region‘s international reputation by attracting global firms, such as Microsoft and Google,

machinery 60 21 SNECMA FR defence 122 21 Texas Instrumentsus instruments 60 22 BMW DE vehicles 121 22 Microsoft US

while Apple, Amazon and Microsoft control the mobile market and cloud-based services platforms). Apple has started a market that was entirely new;

United states v. Microsoft Intuit Case. http://www. usdoj. gov/atr/cases/f0100/0184. htm (Accessed May 18th, 2007.

and Enterprise Ireland, BT and Microsoft for the provision of physical and electronic facilities to support the activities of the group.

-BT Cerner Cisco systems dabl Disease Management Systems DMF Systems ecom Ireland Garivo Technologies GE Healthcare IBM IMS MAXIMS Intel Microsoft

record (PHR) systems such as Microsoft Healthvault. These applications process, store and exchange patient's medical information

As a recent Microsoft survey revealed, a large majority of the US public wants electronic access to their personal health information both for themselves

and for their health care providers because they believe such access is likely to increase the quality of the care they receive (Microsoft Corporation,

Microsoft Corporation/Kelton Research (2009), Health Engagement Survey 2009, Microsoft corp.,, Redmond, WA. available at: www. microsoft. com/presspass/presskits/industries/healthandlifesciences/docs/MSHEALTHENGAGEMENTSURVEY2009. ppt.

OECD (2007), Improved Health System Performance through Better Care Coordination, OECD Health Working papers No. 30, Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social affairs, OECD Publishing, www

For example the chat room software"msn messenger"(free from Microsoft) can be very powerful in allowing people in remote sites to have online conversations.

Microsoft Net meeting-another free software application-is a simpler alternative. Video: One of the best ways to transfer knowledge is through the use of stories.

such as the knowledge base on the Microsoft site (13%)e g. http://www. microsoft. com/3. Publications-searchable databases for current and archived articles (11%)e g. http://www. pubmedcentral. nih. gov

and eventually acquired by leading USA web services players, first ebay and now Microsoft. In the following sections we analyse in more detail the development of companies in the three sub-sectors,

Silicon valley for Google, Apple and Facebook, Seattle for Microsoft and Amazon. These US clusters have drawn on government local investments for R&d

in Seattle, Amazon was in proximity to Microsoft, which brought high-level personnel for technical positions, for building and then running web services in vast data centres with fast transaction processing, large customer databases and data mining for refined data analysis,

Microsoft's proprietary Windows, has a comparatively minor market share today in mobile and its future here is still unclear. 22 The European commission's Interchange of Data between Public Administrations Programme (IDA) in 2002 financed an independent study on the opportunity of making software specific to the public administrations

Only over the last decade, led by the European commission in its landmark rulings against Microsoft, 25 has changed this,

For instance, some years ago, Microsoft added a browser and a media player and so cut out the market for these as separate products.

but also in endorsing open source. The latter action may be through 25 The rulings against Microsoft on bundling

and had to find funding sources from everywhere-even going to rival Gates of Microsoft for several hundred million dollars.

8 easy steps to beat Microsoft (and Google), presentation, 2010. Isaacson, W.,(2011) Steve jobs, Simon & Schuster, NY, USA.

In October 2011 the sale of Skype to Microsoft corp was completed for $8. 5 billion. 46 VOIP (voice-over-Internet protocol) has redefined the way telephone calls are made VOIP calls are made over the internet,

Microsoft Corporation agreed to acquire Skype Communications for $8. 5 billion. The deal was completed officially in October 2011 with Skype incorporated as a division of Microsoft,

and Microsoft acquiring all of the company's technologies, including Skype, with the purchase. As a result of this deal, Zennström and Friis received $1. 19 billion, other investors led by Silver lake received $4. 76 billion,

and ebay got most of its money back in recouping $2. 55 billion. In essence Microsoft paid about $1000 per subscriber

which some have questioned as being excessive. 49 It is being seen as a defensive move by Microsoft to avoid Skype falling into the hands of Google,

a development that would also have troubled Facebook. Both Google and Facebook were reported to have been in talks to buy Skype. 50 The battle over the coming years for the VOIP market will be between Skype in the hands of Microsoft and Google talk, Apple Facetime and Facebook Chat.

Skype had a network of locations from the outset, with offices in Luxembourg, London, Stockholm, Tallinn, Tartu,

/microsoft-skype-deal-facebook n 860227. html 51 Toivo Tänavsuu, ANALYSIS: Skype has turned tiny Estonia into a hub of new Mark Zuckerbergs and Bill gates's, test market, 7 january 2011,

while Apple, Amazon and Microsoft control the mobile market and cloud-based services platforms). Apple has started a market that was entirely new;

Report to Microsoft Corporation and Intel Corporation, 2009, p. i, available at: http://download. intel. com/pressroom/pdf/cdsvsdownloadsrelease. pdf 312 Marcelo Velásquez, A comparative study of the environmental impact of the online and offline movie rental business

Examples vary from Microsoft to hardware and special hobby groups like the ones actually run by the brand itself, Suunto, a Finnish origin global manufacturer and marketer of sport watches,

Large multinational enterprises such as Deutsche telekom AG, Deutsche Post AG, Otto Group, Bertelsmann AG, Axel Springer AG, Prosiebensat. 1, Microsoft and Google

often close to 90 percent, like with Microsoft. So where does this lead to the financial industry?

It raised capital from outside investors such as Microsoft, which chipped in $42m. Rovio now has 500 employees in Finland

IBM, Nokia, Google, Facebook, Microsoft, Apple) show, the platform owner potentially gains substantial advantages in terms of value creation and market dominance.

had we been tasked with predicting the success of Wikipedia over Microsoft Encarta, the latter probably would have been considered the likelier of the two candidates to succeed,

as Microsoft is funded a well company with extensive resources and an established infrastructure. Yet reality shows the opposite:

while Microsoft, IBM and Oracle combined spent ten times that amount. In addition, there were 26 companies from the USA and three from Japan spending more than €100 million, against only six in Europe.

The case of Microsoft in operating systems is an obvious example. Not surprisingly, in mobile phone technology Europe gained a leadership position also because of a first mover advantage in defining the global system for mobile communications (GSM) standard.

For example, while the US are home to companies such as Google, Microsoft and Amazon which are all fairly young

in order to become the Googles, Microsofts or Amazons of tomorrow. The European commission's Innovation Union Communication of October 2010

Illustrative examples mentioned in the Bruegel report are founded Microsoft 1975, the US'fourth largest R&d spender), Amgen (1980, tenth largest in R&d) and Cisco (1984, 12th in R&d.

Companies like Microsoft Genetech, Google and Facebook not only grew rapidly but also stimu-28 For recent studies on the issue of determinants of firm growth see Moreno/Casillas (2008);

For example, while the US are home to companies such as Google, Microsoft and Amazon which are all fairly young

in order to become the Googles, Microsofts or Amazons of tomorrow. The European commission's Innovation Union Communication of October 2010

Illustrative examples mentioned in the Bruegel report are founded Microsoft 1975, the US'fourth largest R&d spender), Amgen (1980, tenth largest in R&d) and Cisco (1984, 12th in R&d.

Companies like Microsoft Genetech, Google and Facebook not only grew rapidly but also stimu-28 For recent studies on the issue of determinants of firm growth see Moreno/Casillas (2008);

including private ICT companies such as Google, Hewlett packard, Microsoft, Accenture and Samsung. The pledges also come from universities, academies and local governments as well as national coalitions

Another pledge comes from Microsoft Europe which aims to increase the number of their high quality apprenticeships and internships by half over three years, from the current 9, 000 to 13,500.

Afke Schaart, senior director for EU Institutional Affairs at Microsoft told Euractiv that in January the company committed to a further two pledges focused on fostering entrepreneurship

Microsoft's senior director for EU institutional Affairs said. John Higgins, director general of Digital Europe, the association for the digital technology industry in Europe, said that the initiative had created already competition between actors involved on pledges.

Afke Schaart, senior director for EU Institutional Affairs at Microsoft, said that the growing integration of ICT across various sectors,

Nathan Myrvhold of Microsoft suggested that software is a gas that"expands to fill its container...

In 2nd position is Samsung Electronics from South korea with Microsoft from the US 3rd. The other companies in the top-ten include four from the US, two from Switzerland and one from Japan.

Microsoft (€7. 9bn), Intel (€7. 7bn), Merck US (€6. 0bn), Johnson & johnson (€5. 8bn) and Pfizer (€5. 7bn.

PFIZER INC.'S INFANT NUTRITION PFIZER INC. 30/11/2012 Acq. 100%MICROSOFT 6164 2 SKYPE GLOBAL SARL SILVER LAKE PARTNERS 13/10

, USA 3. MICROSOFT, USA 2. SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS, South korea 1. VOLKSWAGEN, Germany R&d investment (Euro million) USA EU Japan South korea Switzerland

2 SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS up 31 3 MICROSOFT up 10 4 INTEL up 10 5 TOYOTA MOTOR dow n 1 6 ROCHE up 11 7 NOVARTIS

, Switzerland C. Pandu Rangan Indian Institute of technology, Madras, India Bernhard Steffen TU Dortmund University, Germany Madhu Sudan Microsoft Research, Cambridge, MA

MSR-TR-2005-111 (2005), http://research. microsoft. com/pubs/70208/tr-2005-111. pdf 21.

For instance, Tulafale 6, a tool by Microsoft Research based on Proverif 7, exploits abstract interpretation for verification of web services that use SOAP messaging, using logical predicates to relate the concrete

Microsoft has developed in the past years several Saas cloud services such as the Business Productivity Online Suite (BPOS.

Microsoft offers dedicated private cloud hosting and supports third-party or customer-site hosting. This allows tailor made solutions to specific security concerns-in particular in view of the needs of larger customers.

In the same way, the base security of Microsoft public cloud services is adapted to the targeted market.

Whereas Microsoft uses, e g.,, for the Office Live Workspace-in analogy to what Google does with Gmail-unencrypted data transfer between the cloud and the user

cloud services for more sensitive markets (such as Microsoft Health Vault) use SSL encryption by Default on the other hand commodity public cloud services such as the Amazon EC2 are still growing

Large ICT companies, like Microsoft which consumes up to 27mw of energy at any given time 1,

such as IBM, Cisco, Microsoft, are involved strongly in and are contributing to shaping the research agenda.

Google Apps, Facebook Youtube Microsoft Azure, Google Appengine, Amazon Simple DB/S3 Amazon EC2, Gogrid, Flexiscale Data centres Fig. 2. 2

store These stores are managed at global level by manufacturers of mobile operating systems (Apple, Samsung, Google, Microsoft, RIM),

/)Foursquare (foursquare. com) Augmented Reality Wikitude (http://www. wikitude. com/app/)Internet of things Microsoft Sensormap Radio frequency identification (RFID) embedded in objects for tracking commercial products,

According to 15, Microsoft has used qualitative and quantitative research in several countries to understand the different types of information workers,

which provided Virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) solution that provides new capabilities for its users such as high-performance 3d graphics, unified collaboration and Voip with other products such as Microsoft Lync 2013.

For example, Microsoft's $1. 2bn acquisition of Yammer has positioned the software giant to introduce enterprise social networking capabilities to its existing business collaboration systems such as Sharepoint, Exchange, Lync and Office 365 17.

This acquisition by Microsoft is a clear example of the importance of social networking within work environments.

which is a communication product that Microsoft acquired last year for $8. 5bn and it is expected to integrate with its mainstream business applications 17.5.9 Case studies In this section we investigate some IT consumerization at work environments related case studies

Harteveld A (2012) How the consumerization of IT affects your business microsoft recommendations for a consumerization of IT strategy.

Microsoft Services Enterprise Architecture, Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, pp 1 22 16. Harteveld A (2012) Microsoft recommendations for a consumerization of IT strategy.

Microsoft Services Enterprise Architecture, Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, pp 1 16 17. Taylor P (2012) Consumerization of corporate IT accelerate.

In: Financial times. http://www. ft com/cms/s/0/a2fb5172-c077-11e1-982d-00144feabdc0. html#axzz2lgryjslf.

Microsoft Sharepoint, IBM Lotus notes and Google apps for business. The latter one contains many useful applications such as Google doc for file sharing among team members,

and instant messaging that is developed by the recently acquired company by the software giant, Microsoft.

Microsoft Skydrive Skydrive is a file hosting service from Microsoft that allows users to upload

which means that users do not require a Microsoft account to access them. The features of the Microsoft Skydrive service include:

It allows users to upload, create, edit, and share Microsoft office documents directly within a Web browser.

Microsoft Onenote Onenote is a software from Microsoft that enables a free-form information gathering and provides capabilities for multi-user teamwork.

Also, Microsoft offers a web-based 6. 4 Digital Collaboration Systems and Ideas 125 version of Onenote as part of Skydrive or Office Web Apps, providing users with ability to modify notes via a Web browser.

And in the past, companies like Microsoft, Apple or Intel have reshaped profoundly whole industries and their ecosystems even shortly after their founding.

Antony Jenkins, Chief executive officer, Barclays Microsoft is actively working to provide opportunities for European SMES and start-ups by providing access to digital tools,

Chairman, Europe, Microsoft Corporation Benefit for large corporates Benefit for entrepreneurs Risk to one or both partners Company shares in high-potential entrepreneurial ventures Access

Manager, International R&d Management, Laundry and Home Care The Lisbon Council Ann Mettler, Executive director Microsoft Jan Muehlfeit, Chairman, Microsoft Europe Royal DSM

and Clément Gignac, Senior vice-president and Chief Economist, Industrial Alliance Insurance and Financial services, Canada as well as Council member Orlando Ayala, Chairman of Emerging Markets, Microsoft Corporation, USA, sparked the idea

Stephanie Heier, Director of Emerging Markets, Microsoft Corporation, USA and her colleagues, who collaborated with Orlando Ayala on mini case studies from Latin america, Africa and China;

In the United states, Portland (home to Nike) and the Seattle area (home to Microsoft Amazon and Starbucks) are other North american examples.

and Financial services, Canada Deborah L. Wince-Smith, President, Council on Competitiveness, USA Members Orlando Ayala, Chairman, Emerging Markets, Microsoft Corporation, USA Jon

This case study was written by Stephanie Heier, Director, Emerging Markets, Microsoft Corporation, USA, and associates, with Orlando Ayala, Chairman, Emerging Markets, Microsoft Corporation, USA, a Member of the Global Agenda Council on Competitiveness. 11.

Ibid. 12. This case study was written by Kevin X. Murphy. 13. This case study was written by Margareta Drzeniek Hanouz, Director and Lead Economist,

Orlando Ayala, Chairman, Emerging Markets, Microsoft Corporation, USA; Jon Azua, President and Chief executive officer, Enovatinglab, Spain;

Taylor (TIBCO) 1. 6 Rebalancing Socioeconomic 67 Asymmetry in a Data-Driven Economy Peter Haynes (Atlantic Council) and M-H. Carolyn Nguyen (Microsoft

and M-H. Carolyn Nguyen at Microsoft, explains that an increasing amount of data is being generated by individuals who are handing potentially valuable information to commercial enterprises in exchange for free services.

Microsoft It is more than half a century since economist Fritz Machlup, in his book The Production and Distribution of Knowledge in the United states, 1 developed the concept of the knowledge economy,

Research sponsored by Microsoft and published last year by the International Institute of Communications found that, among other things,

Advanced Strategies and Research, at Microsoft Corporation, where his focus was on longterm strategy and policy in areas including cybersecurity, big data, the Internet of things,

M-H. Carolyn Nguyen Dr M-H. Carolyn Nguyen is a Director in Microsoft's Technology Policy Group, responsible for policy initiatives in data governance and personal data management.

Prior to joining Microsoft, Dr Nguyen held positions with Research in motion, Avaya Communications, Lucent Technologies, and Bell laboratories.