and theft of time and personal data. Advertisements cultivate the attitude of â€oeneeding†and games influence behavior.
In fact, CRM software contains confidential information about clients (customer capital), and companies are not keen to use cloud for processing.
HP claims to practice sustainable supply chain, protecting personal data and providing their technology for medical care to remote villages in India.
given contextual information about the application and the personal data of the applicant (e g.,, age, salary, etc..
An important element of the ecosystem for data-intensive companies operating in Ireland is the system of data protection
and the arrangements in place to ensure a robust approach to data protection consistent with EU law and international treaties.
the Department of the Taoiseach will establish an interdepartmental committee on data protection issues and related structures,
Task force on Big data, DJEI, IDA) 91 Establish interdepartmental committee on data protection issues and related structures.
D/Taoiseach) 92 Establish a forum for dialogue with industry/civil society on issues arising from the continuing growth in personal data usage and technology.
D/Taoiseach) 93 Strengthen the resources of the Office of the Data protection Commissioner (ODP. D/Justice and Equality, DPER) 94 Establish a Dublin office for the ODP.
D/Justice and Equality, OPW) 95 Engage intensively with EU partners and stakeholders in relation to ongoing negotiations on Data protection regulation.
NSAI National Standards Authority of Ireland NSS National Skills Strategy NTD National Talent Drive ODPC Office of the Data protection Commissioner 2015 ACTION PLAN
the legal rights-related issues of social network such as the management of personal data and the potential economic value of users activities on social networks and the engagement and security issues of CAPS. 6 Tab. 2-CAPS ongoing project
Regulations relating to healthcare data privacy and confidentiality are also often barriers to health IT as they tend to restrict the sharing of patient data among providers.
G#1v 6931 Data privacy 0#2#confidential information Data privacy 0#2#data privacy Data privacy 0#2#data protection Data privacy
0#2#personal data Data privacy G#1v 6932 Data processing 0#2#data processing Data processing G#1v 6933 Data science
0#2#data science Data science G#1v 6934 Data visualization 0#2#data visualisation Data visualization 0#2#data visualization Data visualization
G#1v 6935 Digital culture 0#2#digital culture Digital culture G#1v 6936 Digital divide 0#2#digital divide Digital divide
G#1v 6937 Drone G#2v 6938 Military drone 0#3#military drone Military drone G#2v 6939 Pocket drone
x How to balance data privacy, protection and misuse with openness, transparency and the benefits of big data
as well as proprietary, private or personal data which might be added or mashed together either as open or protected data to solve specific problems and/or
x How to balance data privacy, protection and misuse with openness, transparency and the benefits of big
and data protection 129 Concluding, education for all is one of the most significant social innovations in itself,
personal data and its potential economic value. The results of the project can be beneficial for many CAPS initiatives and will generate interesting synergies at the level of research
or the connection between personal data, economic value, and currencies (USEMP. Moreover, assessment of the CAPS projects themselves is key to
or new valuation practices of personal data (USEMP Open) Data Integration Each social network has a different affordance for users.
Personal data ecosystems (PDE) has recently been developed by the World Economic Forum and further elaborated by the Ontario Information and Privacy Commission and others.
and may in fact assume a personal data vault to provide a secure environment for effective control over relevant data
control over the personal data they share within the network while also providing them with tools to enable the use of their data by entities outside of the OSN, for example, in
The data protection of health records against intrusion unauthorised use, data corruption, intentional or unintentional damage, theft,
web services, personal data standards and metadata exchange interfaces. Data modelling and collection in the digital age is a far greater
and their personal data, individuals throughout their transactions, etc. In this sense, it is absolutely natural that a law could pose certain
restriction to access when personal data is at stake •E-commerce legislation-regulates business transactions made on the Internet.
or citizens'personal data 26 27 Kimmo Levã¤uses Finland as a case study to examine the three stages of digitisation for
2. Modern data protection for the information age...31 3. Consumer protection in the digital world...
to data protection and individuals†rights to control the use of their own data (â€oeinformational self-determinationâ€), the
Data protection, the integrity of networks and the transparency of data usage serve to safeguard our
on innovative IT SECURITY and data protection, we want to act as a beacon for digitisation in Germany. Through open
partners, those responsible for data protection, and repre -sentatives of the Internet community on a long-term basis
transparency, data protection and security and also for preserving competition in the digital world We intend to monitor more closely the effects of digital
security and data privacy zz reinforcing security and confidence in relation to the use of digital services, including measures to strengthen
Meanwhile, we will improve Internet data protection and consumer information in relation to online companies Informational self-determination and data autonomy for
-tion of an EU-wide basic regulation on data protection enshrining the applicability of EU data protection law for
Internet enterprises based outside the EU (marketplace principle We want to adapt the legal framework for protecting intel
example, while maintaining consumer and data protection 4. Reconfiguring the workplace in the digital world The progressive digital transformation is creating new
System security and data protection are the key crosscutting issues of digitisation and are incorporated into all areas of activity in the Digital Agenda
2. Modern data protection for the information age We are committed to a high level of data protection that
continues to guarantee the freedom and right to privacy of citizens. At the same time, we want to optimise the opportunities offered by digitisation for our society and
and recognise the importance of data protection as a crucial factor in a business location. The most important
General Data protection Regulation by 2015 at the latest We also want to have a high level of data protection to
respond to issues arising from the new technologies or types of data processing such as big data, profiling, web
the misuse of personal data, we want to be in the van -guard of the development of international data protec
action to improve data protection zz High standards of data protection and data security are essential to maintain trust in digital services and
products. We are therefore supporting and demanding technology-based data protection (privacy by design and privacy-friendly default settings (privacy by default
zz To prevent infringements of the law, we will improve the media literacy of users and ensure they are better
completion of the digital single market, data protection the protection of intellectual property on the Internet
2. Modern data protection for the info 3. Consumer protection in the digital w 4. Strengthening digital infrastructur
4. 2 Protecting personal data 4. 3 Protecting health 4. 4 Protecting the environment 5. Problem solving 5. 1 Solving technical problems
netiquette, engaging in online citizenship, protecting personal data, and so on. In this way digital literacy frameworks adopt a holistic approach,
e g. data protection basic encryption Remixing e g. mashups hackable games Infrastructure e g. hosting domains Open practices
management of personal data and the potential economic value of users activities on social networks and the engagement and security issues of CAPS
personal data and its potential economic value. The results of the project can be beneficial for many CAPS initiatives and will generate interesting synergies at the level of research
or the connection between personal data, economic value, and currencies (USEMP. Moreover, assessment of the CAPS projects themselves is key to
or new valuation practices of personal data (USEMP Open) Data Integration Each social network has a different affordance for users.
Personal data ecosystems (PDE) has recently been developed by the World Economic Forum and further elaborated by the Ontario Information and Privacy Commission and others.
and may in fact assume a personal data vault to provide a secure environment for effective control over relevant data
control over the personal data they share within the network while also providing them with tools to enable the use of their data by entities outside of the OSN, for example, in
giving away their personal data in exchange for â€oefree†services. Yet this bargain not only undermines privacy
and weakens data protection but also commodifies knowledge, identity and personal data There are other models that focus on in
-novation. As we discover in this research while the value of big data is often only associated with efficiency and profitability
sell personal data Creation and consolidation of new monopolies: Platform Lock ins and a battle amongst proprietary vertically
privacy and data protection of all citizens is preserved and that communities are entitled to share the value
The EU data protection reform package Directive on the reuse of public sector information Copyright reform Net Neutrality
The EU data protection reform package Directive on the reuse of public sector information Copyright reform Net Neutrality
/data protection as complementary issues and not as opposites. In fact, the right to data protection and privacy, as given
in both legal frameworks (such as data protection) and technologies (such as en -cryption) should apply to individual citi
A broader investigation on the implications of the current personal data market and the role of data brokers64 will be crucial for understanding the future of bottom-up digital
Personal data stores There are also new available solutions, such as Mydex, Qiy, Citizenme65 and many others that are part of an emerging
sector of Open Personal data Stores66, Privacy Dashboards, and Trust frameworks to manage identity, that have emerged
The EU data protection reform package 77growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe The Data protection reform is currently being discussed by Member States The aim is to to build a single and comprehensive
data protection framework to develop tools and initiatives to enhance citizen awareness, and to ensure that businesses
receive guidance on data anonymisation and pseudonymisation. This should prevent any unauthorised collection processing and tracking of personal information
Companies should be compelled to be transparent about how they collect users†personal data, and the real value they
personal data is used, the right to avoid having information collected in one context and then used for an unrelated purpose
personal data. Firms might begin to reduce the length of period over which information is retained and adopt certification
and weakens data protection, but also commodifies knowledge, identity, and personal data. Unfortunately, most European ICT research is developed to fit into this centralised model,
which only aggravates the situation; and •the European commission has been funding excellent basic research on the Internet of things (Iot) and the
of the personal data held by big firms and public agencies. This allows them to monitor their conditions and chart their own behaviour and
The Future of privacy, data protection, trust & ethics, emphasising the need for privacy-aware technologies
There was a strong focus on privacy, decentralization, and data protection. Harry Halpin IRI) presented a lightning talk on Digital Social Innovation to an audience of nearly one hundred, which
personal data, turning personal data in what has been defined as the â€oeoil of the Internet economyâ€. Most users
protection but also commodifies knowledge, identity, and personal data. European SMES, developers and social innovators are innovating with cheap open hardware, open source software, open knowledge, open data and
to set the terms for controlling their personal data, including data portability. In the Iot there will thus
also needed to provide an open architecture for managing online identity, security, and personal data in an integrated fashion and based on democratic and participatory processes.
The EU data protection reform packageï¿ï¿ï¿currently being discussed by Member States is moving in this direction,
a single and comprehensive data protection framework to develop tools and initiatives to enhance citizens awareness, and ensure that businesses receive guidance on data anonymisation and pseudonymisation
131. http://ec. europa. eu/justice/data protection/index en. htm 132. http://bit. ly/1kivc4h 133.
as long as the privacy and data protection of all citizens is preserved and that communities are entitled to share the value
-trol personal data Mobilising critical mass to achieve social & institu -tional change New instruments to mobilise re
as long as the privacy and data protection of all citizens is preserved and that communities are entitled to share the value
-trol personal data Mobilising critical mass to achieve social & institu -tional change New instruments to mobilise re
consumer rights, data protection, copyright), in line with proposals from the Commission. It also calls for measures to build confidence and trust in the Digital
Data protection reform As regards the protection of personal data, the European commission adopted on 25 January 2012 a comprehensive reform of data protection rules, aiming in particular at
strengthened online privacy rights and boosting Europe's digital economy The Commission's proposals update and modernise the principles enshrined in the
Data protection Directive 95/46/EC, to guarantee privacy rights in the future. They include a policy Communication setting out the Commission's objectives and two
legislative proposals: a General Data protection Regulation proposing a general EU framework for data protection41 and a Directive on protecting personal data
processed for the purposes of the prevention, detection, investigation or prosecution of criminal offences and related judicial activities42
The proposed General Data protection Regulation, by providing a single law, will substantially reduce the current fragmentation and costly administrative burdens
leading to savings for businesses of around â 2. 3 billion a year, and will help
43 For further info, see http://ec. europa. eu/justice/data protection/index en. htm 44 COM (2012) 238/2
phone, and (iv) increasing the level of security of payments and data protection The Commission will present the conclusions of this exercise and the next stages
appropriate IT SECURITY and data protection measures, as well as technical and organisational measures and the appropriate safeguards for data transfers
5 Data protection and e-privacy 8 5. 1 The position of Ecommerce Europe 9 5. 1. 1 General 9
5. 1. 2 Personal data and consent 9 5. 1. 3 Marketing, profiling and targeting 9
processing of personal data for evidence purposes •Online comparison tools should be transparent and reliable.
5. Data protection and e-Privacy The responsible use of personal data is a key element for trust
in e-commerce. Therefore, a comprehensive and effective data protection framework is of great importance. A coherent and
comprehensive EU framework for personal data protection not only protects the privacy of European consumers; it also
facilitates the cross-border flow of personal data, thereby strengthening the single digital market and cross-border e
revision of the EU data protection framework and the proposal for a general data protection Regulation While data protection legislation may strengthen privacy and
stimulate the single digital market, there are also concerns that the legal framework will be too strict and inflexible,
raising the cost of business through administrative burdens and slowing down innovation. For this reason, Ecommerce Europe calls on
of Ecommerce Europe in the area of data protection and e-Privacy are summarised below 5. 1. 1 General
adequate level of protection for personal data and ensuring the free movement of data within the EU
Regulation for data protection as it will ensure a harmonised approach to data protection in Europe •Ecommerce Europe underlines the importance of the
†legitimate interests of the data controller†as a ground for processing personal data. This ground for processing
ensures a fair balancing of interests and allows for necessary flexibility in processing personal data 5. 1. 2 Personal data and consent
•The broad definition of â€oepersonal data†in the new Regulation may lead to unnecessarily high compliance
costs and additional administrative burdens for merchants Ecommerce Europe feels a more limited definition of
personal data is necessary •Ecommerce Europe opposes the strict requirements for â€oeexplicit consent†proposed in the new Data
Europe stresses that the balance between data protection and business interests †as mentioned in Directive 95/46
data protection regulation-which lays down the need for one consent from the data subject in order to process data
The new Data protection Regulation should aim to strike a fair balance between protecting individuals†rights to data privacy and
preserving the commercial freedoms of companies to engage with consumers. 9 •Controllers use personal data and †cookies†for
behavioural targeting and profiling. Ecommerce Europe emphasises the importance of profiling and states that profiling is a fundamental component of trade relations
personal data. It will be important to strike a balance between individual rights, consumer trust, the public interest and the right of free access to (and
•National Data protection Authorities/Supervisory Authorities and Article 29wp/EU data protection board must focus on enforcing the law,
not interpreting the law or influencing the legislative process •The use of administrative fines should be limited and must
not form part of the budget of the Data protection Authorities •An independent judge must have a more prominent role in
the interpretation of the data protection law •Any data protection regulation should be technology -neutral, considering the emergence of new technologies
such as mobile e-commerce (m-commerce 5. 2 Ecommerce Europe†s additional proposals 5. 2. 1 Knowledge and education
new) data protection requirements •Merchants must be provided with tools for compliance e g. standard PIA, privacy policies.
personal data 5. 2. 2 Self-regulation •Data protection requirements should be included in national) e-commerce trustmark schemes
6. Electronic signatures and e-Identification Secure, reliable, user friendly and interoperable identification and authentication measures are necessary for the further
taxation, labour conditions and employment, privacy and data protection, product return, sales conditions, parcel delivery, labelling and information requirements
1. 2. Data protection and privacy †a balance between the citizens†right to privacy and the rights of businesses to capture data to optimally serve consumers
1. 2. DATA PROTECTION AND PRIVACY Privacy is valued a highly right in Europe. So are property rights.
The existing Data protection Directive has been implemented differently in different Member States. The proposed Data protection Regulation12 aims to
remedy this. It should strike the right balance between the respective interests of consumers and businesses.
1 Also see the Commissions communication on the proposed Data protection Package: http://ec. europa. eu/justice/newsroom/data protection/news/120125 en. htm
2 http://www. eurocommerce. be/media/11042/briefing-cons-data protection. pdf 10 of 16 There is an enormous diversity amongst comparison tools, with different outcomes and
purposes. Some focus on price and some on quality. Some are managed independently from the seller, some by public authorities,
data protection) but may be leveraged in the formulation of specific initiatives across all areas †for example, by exploiting social media to encourage healthy behaviour in adolescents (WHO 2012
Aspects such as data protection and information security become increasingly important †Ireland is positioned well with regard to Data protection legislation and neutrality, and the
Cloud computing Implementation Group is considering Ireland†s proposition in the context of emerging opportunities in Cloud which would have direct relevance for this sector as it
infrastructures and data protection Agencies/firms The BPO/SSC sector/activities are key areas of focus for the enterprise development
giving away their personal data in exchange for â€oefree†services. Yet this bargain not only undermines privacy
and weakens data protection but also commodifies knowledge, identity and personal data There are other models that focus on in
-novation. As we discover in this research while the value of big data is often only associated with efficiency and profitability
sell personal data Creation and consolidation of new monopolies: Platform Lock ins and a battle amongst proprietary vertically
privacy and data protection of all citizens is preserved and that communities are entitled to share the value
The EU data protection reform package Directive on the reuse of public sector information Copyright reform Net Neutrality
The EU data protection reform package Directive on the reuse of public sector information Copyright reform Net Neutrality
/data protection as complementary issues and not as opposites. In fact, the right to data protection and privacy, as given
in both legal frameworks (such as data protection) and technologies (such as en -cryption) should apply to individual citi
A broader investigation on the implications of the current personal data market and the role of data brokers64 will be crucial for understanding the future of bottom-up digital
Personal data stores There are also new available solutions, such as Mydex, Qiy, Citizenme65 and many others that are part of an emerging
sector of Open Personal data Stores66, Privacy Dashboards, and Trust frameworks to manage identity, that have emerged
The EU data protection reform package 77growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe The Data protection reform is currently being discussed by Member States The aim is to to build a single and comprehensive
data protection framework to develop tools and initiatives to enhance citizen awareness, and to ensure that businesses
receive guidance on data anonymisation and pseudonymisation. This should prevent any unauthorised collection processing and tracking of personal information
Companies should be compelled to be transparent about how they collect users†personal data, and the real value they
personal data is used, the right to avoid having information collected in one context and then used for an unrelated purpose
personal data. Firms might begin to reduce the length of period over which information is retained and adopt certification
their identities and personal data when they interact in the networked digital society Our stakeholders include public authorities, universities, research centres, industry
and a patient data protection framework, to facilitate the semantic interlinking, sharing and reusing of different EHR repositories
trail of personal data The number of transactions performed electronically is rising fast. Every day people use the Internet for purposes ranging from accessing information to electronic
Many businesses often need to reveal some of their confidential information to new employees, inde -pendent contractors, venture capitalists or bankers.
protection for your confidential information and trade secrets if the prospective buyer pulls out of the deal
when both businesses are sharing confidential information with each other, and want to be sure that neither will disclose their trade secret
1) First, you should list all the parties who will have contact with the confidential information, by cate
allowing access to its confidential information) and the non-disclosing party (the one getting access to
the confidential information. Additionally, there must be a recitation of the confidential materials them -selves. In other words, the types of information that is expected to be kept confidential must be stated
disclose confidential information. The most common examples here concern being free to disclose information that somehow becomes public knowledge without wrongful disclosure, and freedom to
1. All parties who will be permitted access to the confidential information should be identified by category and if possible by name
Furthermore, the confidential information itself must be stated orally and the key information to be held confidential must be defined clearly
3. How the non-disclosing party can use the confidential information is vital to a Non-Disclosure
-close the confidential information 4. Non-Disclosure Agreements are normally valid for a predetermined amount of time. However
confidential information is considered a legally protectable trade secret An additional element that must be taken into account when analysing barriers to the use of the IP
†in combining location information and personal data †have possible implications for personal privacy. There may also
>assess the importance of data protection and privacy aspects in the areas and actions of the ITS
and data protection issues related to ITS applications and services. Meanwhile, a number of EU-backed research projects
Assess the security and personal data protection aspects related to the handling of data in ITS applications and services and propose measures in full compliance
Data security and data protection DGMOVE brochure ITS A4 indd 26 11/05/11 15: 16t105146 cee. pdf 28t105146 cee. pdf 28 20/06/11 13: 5020/06/11 13:50
Data security and data protection Legal framework: Directive 2010/40/EU For further information
STUDIES AND REPORTS Transport E u R O P E A n COMMISSION European Research Area Intelligent
both the Norwegian and Danish Data protection Authorities have issued rulings to prevent the use of cloud computing services by municipalities
â€oethe Economic Importance of Getting Data protection Right: Protecting Privacy Transmitting Data, Moving Commerce†(European Centre for International Political economy/U s
â€oethe Impact of the Data protection Regulation in the EU€ (Intertic, 2013 http://www. intertic. org/new site/wp-content/uploads/Policy%20papers/CCER. pdf
Greg Sterling, â€oefrance Wants To Tax Facebook, Google †Personal data Collection, ††Marketing Land
January 21, 2013, http://marketingland. com/france-wants-to-tax-facebook-google-personal data -collection-31196; Jacob Albert, â€oefrance Wants to Tax Data mining,
â€oeprocessing of sensitive personal data in a cloud solution, †Datatilsynet, February 3 2011, http://www. datatilsynet. dk/english/processing-of-sensitive-personal data-in-a-cloud-solution/,and
â€oewill Not Let Norwegian Enterprises use Google Apps, †Datatilsynet, January 25, 2012 http://www. datatilsynet. no/English/Publications/cloud-computing/Will not-let-Norwegian-enterprises
â€oethe Economic Importance of Getting Data protection Right. †190. Mark Scott, â€oeuber Faces Rebukes in Europe, †Bits (blog) New york times, accessed April 18, 2014
publications, open data repositories, data protection strategies etc. are needed also at local regional, national and EU levels (58
and data protection issues 131 58.0 25. Supporting research on the perspectives of various actors and stakeholders such as
property, security and data protection issues Encouraging research on the implementation process of ICT-ELI, focusing on the
security and data protection issues 8 4. 6 3. 8 11.5 21.4 22.9 35.1 58.0 Supporting research on the perspectives of
data privacy and security Member States rely on this resolution to provide high-level guidance for ehealth planning.
to the management of patient information are data privacy, security, and interoperability. This unique resource, the National ehealth Strategy Toolkit, will be published in 2012
recognizes the important need for the development of patient health data privacy and security standards Individual patient data must be protected from unauthorized disclosure.
•To lobby nationally for policy guidance in relation to data protection, IP and competition policy to support an open innovation environment for all
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