smithsonian. com) The satellites and the spread of the Internet and mobile devices, smartphones and tablets have led to a veritable deluge of data, further accelerating the move toward the Internet of things.
The Internet of things facilitates taking control of all connected objects from outside using a smartphone. The challenge for companies is to install this automation in every home
as in the case of Internet of things or connected objects. The acceptation by the user PUB 14 and â€oetime-to-market†are vital.
†approaches and tools to leverage the full potential of the Internet of things; †skills for supporting the creation, sharing, locating and delivery of new-media content.
and how does the Internet of things increase personal heath and job creation? 3 http://www. innovationecologies. com/the-regional-innovation-index/.
†with the Future Internet (FI) paradigms of Internet of things, Internet of Services and Internet of People.
RIF 14 RIFKIN J.,The Zero Marginal cost Society, The Internet of things, the Collaborative Commons, and the Eclipse of Capitalism, Palgrave Macmillan, 2014.
such as mobile and real-time technologies, the Internet of things, big data analytics, and social media, have come to the fore in recent years,
New technologies including mobile and real-time technologies the Internet of things, big data analytics, and social media clearly illustrate the enormous impact of IT on society in terms of enabling competitiveness and welfare (vom Brocke, Debortoli, Muâ ller, & Reuter, 2014).
The fourth industrial revolution is enabled by the introduction of the Internet of things and Services into the manufacturing environment.
Third, the new technologies, like Internet of things, require that manufacturing broaden its perspective: from the factory floor towards the entire life cycle of a product or service.
The Iop includes e-mail, facebook, twitter, forums, Linkedin, etc. •The Internet of things (Iot: all physical objects connected to the network.
The Iot includes all things that have a unique id and a presence in an internet-like structure.
Note that the Ioc, the Iop, the Iot, and the Iol partially overlap. For example, a place name on a webpage or the location from which a tweet was sent.
106,107, 124 Internet of things (Iot), 3, 7, 20,27, 106 Interpersonal communication, 60 J Job-to-be done (JTBD), 40,41, 45 K Kitcom, 248, 252â€
Developments in Financial services 133 11.4 Internet of things 133 11.5 Innovative/Advanced Manufacturing 134 11.6 Green Economy 135 11.7 National Institute for Bioprocessing Research
Task force on Big data, DJEI) 90 The Task force on Big data will review the opportunities for Ireland arising from the Internet of things
Specific opportunity areas identified include Smart Ageing, Design, Financial services, the Internet of things, Additive Manufacturing, the Green Economy,
IDA, EI, DFAT) 11.4 Internet of things The Internet of things (Iot) will be critical to Ireland†s economic future competitiveness both in attracting FDI and in building export orientated new enterprises.
Iot has the potential to provide the same transformation as the personal computer did for business in the 90†s
Iot is the next evolution of the internet and 134 companies in the next ten years will be using this technology to improve the competitiveness of their manufacturing,
Iot will generate huge volumes of data though smart connected objects leading to challenges around quality and interoperability that will have to be addressed.
in order to stimulate the development of the Iot in a way that best supports enterprise and job creation. 2015 Actions Internet of things 352 The Task force on Big data will review the opportunities for Ireland arising from the Internet of things
and develop specific policy actions to develop those opportunities. Task force on Big data, DJEI, IDA) 11.5 Innovative/Advanced Manufacturing By 2020 manufacturing will be different from
Institute of Credit Management IMP Integrated Marine Plan 158 INIS Irish Naturalisation and Immigration Service Iot Internet of things IP Intellectual Property IRC Irish
G#1v 7883 Internet of things 0#2#internet of things Internet of things 0#2#iot Internet of things G#1v 7884 Ipv6
0#2#ipv6 Ipv6 G#1v 7885 Machine to machine 0#2#m2m Machine to machine 0#2#machine to machine Machine to machine
G#1v 6954 Mathematics G#2v 6955 Boolean algebra 0#3#boolean algebra Boolean algebra G#2v 6956 Boundary condition
Mission Leben uses an ICT Internet of things e g RFID barcodes or transponders on all laundry items and equipment which digitally inter
agents, cloud based services, the semantic web and the internet of things, mobile and mobile apps social media, and augmented
computing includes â€oeembedding computation to the physical via intelligent objects, the internet of things and connectivity with a profound impact on learning mechanisms. â€
the internet of things, the collaborative commons and the eclipse of capitalism. Palgrave Macmillan: New york Schmidt, E. and Cohen, J (2013)" The Saturday Essay:
"Internet of things")in order to create awareness of problems and possible solutions requesting collective efforts, enabling new forms of social innovation
citizen and economy by linking it to the Internet of things (Iot), sensor network and cloude services in order to support open online social media and distributed knowledge co
including the Internet of things, today can enable us to obtain the required measurements, to perform semantic fusion of data
"Internet of things")in order to create awareness of problems and possible solutions requesting collective efforts, enabling new forms of social innovation
citizen and economy by linking it to the Internet of things (Iot), sensor network and cloude services in order to support open online social media and distributed knowledge co
including the Internet of things, today can enable us to obtain the required measurements, to perform semantic fusion of data
implementations of the Internet of things is convenient for users but also â€oelocks us -ers in†at the expense of security, privacy
the Internet of things 19growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe INTERNETPOWER TO THE PEOPLE Wikis
and the Iot Council, promoting an open Internet of things vision, are good examples of this. Expert bodies are essential for providing expertise and coordinating
inclusive processes of decision-making amongst key stakeholders OPEN STANDARD BODYTHE World wide web Consortium (W3c The ability to access knowledge
Internet of things integrates a vast universe of network-aware sensors, actuators video cameras, RFID-tagged objects and other devices that see,
Another big trend related to open hardware is the evolution of the Internet of things Iot). ) People, places,
and objects can be instrumented with tracking and sensing devices that continuously stream and measure data about real-world activity.
Rob Van Kranenburg, â€oesuccessful Iot means the best possible feedback on our physical and mental health, the best possible deals based on a real time monitoring for resource
Internet of things (Iot) focus area, where the IERC-Internet of things European Research Cluster25 coordinates a variety of Iot R&i projects
59growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe Grassroots Innovation in Europe: adapted from Sestini, F
Di gita l) In nova tion Digital) Social Innovation FI-PPP Venture capital Big data and cloud computing
and the emerging Internet of things have their roots in strong public investment that funded general-purpose technologies and basic research.
Rob van Kranenburg Cofounder of Bricolabs/Founder of the Internet of things Council/Community Manager of Roger Torrenti CEO, Sigma Orionis
•the European commission has been funding excellent basic research on the Internet of things (Iot) and the Future Internet area.
for Kids, Online Behavioural Advertising, Do Not Track, Internet of things, accessibility and inclusion, etc Currently, participation in various CSR-related initiatives is limited predominantly to
-duction and data sharing, the internet of things, and social or user-generated content Results in progress are being presented at conferences aimed at involving entrepreneurs
Other activities are happening in the Internet of things (Iot) arena, where theâ IERC -26 23 Internet of things European Research Cluster27 coordinating the different  Iot projectsâ funded by the
European research framework programmes •Bottom up and grassroots approachesï¿A counterpoint to the top-down strategy is the bottom-up
In the Iot there will thus be a social contract between people and objects with ethical implications.
The device allows talks to only EU platforms (Iot-A, Fi-wareâ€) and the platform will offer interoperability to preferred non-EU partners.
Rob van Kranenburg Cofounder of Bricolabs/Founder of the Internet of things Council /Community Manager of SOCIOTAL
across Europe, linking them with the Internet of things and Smart Cities activities. Most, if not all of the
The emerging cloud model,(proprietary social networks, big data providers, the Internet of things im -plementation), are currently following a different model that allows us convenience but at the expense of
Internet of things, and knowledge co-creation networks •Aims at empowering citizens, for individual and collective awareness, relying on collaboration and or ag
Amsterdam Iot Council Arduino Smart Citizen Kit Fairphone Makerfaire New ways of making Participatory mechanisms
Advocacy and advisory or expert bodies IOT Council La Quadrature du net European Digital Rights (EDRI
and the Iot Council promoting an open Internet of things vision are good examples of this Expert bodies are essential for providing expertise,
Open source Internet of things Arduino Smart Citizen Kit Safecast Table 9 36 Through case study analysis we have sought to build up an understanding of to what extent these emerg
Data-flows are also burgeoning as the Internet of things integrates a vast universe of network aware sensors, actuators, video cameras, RFID-tagged objects and other devices
Another big trend related to open hardware is the evolution of the Internet of things (Iot. People, places
In Iot with full traceability and transparency, the very notion of what or who is †important†changes.
diffusion of Iot as following •The increasing number of more and more powerful smart personal devices,
•The Internet of things, which will guarantee access through the Internet to the physical world, to its devic
from sensors (Internet of things. Interoperable, customised, and modular services and applications can be built in a dynamic and flexible way, plugging into existing and future Internet infrastructures.
Amsterdam Iot Council Arduino Makerfaire Smart Citizen Kit Goback Goback Goback Goback Goback Goback Goback
Rob van Kranenburg Cofounder of Bricolabs/Founder of the Internet of things Council /Community Manager of SOCIOTAL
across Europe, linking them with the Internet of things and Smart Cities activities. Most, if not all of the
The emerging cloud model,(proprietary social networks, big data providers, the Internet of things im -plementation), are currently following a different model that allows us convenience but at the expense of
Internet of things, and knowledge co-creation networks •Aims at empowering citizens, for individual and collective awareness, relying on collaboration and or ag
Amsterdam Iot Council Arduino Smart Citizen Kit Fairphone Makerfaire New ways of making Participatory mechanisms
Advocacy and advisory or expert bodies IOT Council La Quadrature du net European Digital Rights (EDRI
and the Iot Council promoting an open Internet of things vision are good examples of this Expert bodies are essential for providing expertise,
Open source Internet of things Arduino Smart Citizen Kit Safecast Table 9 36 Through case study analysis we have sought to build up an understanding of to what extent these emerg
Data-flows are also burgeoning as the Internet of things integrates a vast universe of network aware sensors, actuators, video cameras, RFID-tagged objects and other devices
Another big trend related to open hardware is the evolution of the Internet of things (Iot. People, places
In Iot with full traceability and transparency, the very notion of what or who is †important†changes.
diffusion of Iot as following •The increasing number of more and more powerful smart personal devices,
•The Internet of things, which will guarantee access through the Internet to the physical world, to its devic
from sensors (Internet of things. Interoperable, customised, and modular services and applications can be built in a dynamic and flexible way, plugging into existing and future Internet infrastructures.
Amsterdam Iot Council Arduino Makerfaire Smart Citizen Kit Goback Goback Goback Goback Goback Goback Goback
possible by Internet of things technologies and Big data analytics. Therefore, it may be possible that as an effect of technological change the significance of mental categories,
and Giacomo Morabito,"The internet of things: A survey,"Computer Networks, Vol. 54, No. 15,2010, pp. 2787-2805
realising the Internet of things,"Cluster of European Research Projects on the Internet of things European Commision, 2010 Swigger, Nathaniel,"The Online Citizen:
Iots) in Carlow, Tipperary and Waterford and NUI Maynooth has an outreach programme in Kilkenny.
WIT is particularly strong among Iots nationally in terms of enterprise relevant skills development, research and linkages.
 A programme of structured engagement between the key research groups in the Iots within the region and the enterprise agencies sector teams and SFI should be
Skills, FAS, CEBS, relevant Iots, EI etc, should consider a coordinated response for the region, to ensure the appropriateness and relevance of education and training
systems research, through the TSSG Group, it is the first of the Iots in Ireland to lead an SFI
Iot Carlow Certificate in Computer systems Level 6 60 1 Iot Carlow Certificate in Mechanical engineering Level 6 60 1
Iot Carlow BSC in Management (Energy) Level 7 60 1 Iot Carlow Hdip in Business (Supply Chain management) Level 8 60 2
Tipperary Institute Certificate in Domestic Sustainable Energy Level 6 20 1 Tipperary Institute Certificate in Renewable Energy Development Level 6 20 1
Tipperary Institute Higher Certificate in Good Manufacturing Practice Level 6 120 Waterford Iot Higher Certificate in Good Manufacturing Practice and Technology Level 6 120 2
Waterford Iot Bachelor of arts in Financial services Level 7 60 2 Waterford Iot BENG (Honours) in Sustainable Civil engineering Level 8 120 3
Waterford Iot BSC (Honours) Applied Biology with Quality Management Level 8 60 1 Waterford Iot MSC in Innovative Technology Engineering Level 9 90 2
Waterford Iot MSC in Sustainable Energy Engineering Level 9 90 2 Source: HEA Fás
FAS Training Services will continue to provide a wide variety of courses, including a growing
number of evening courses, in 2012 in a wide range of locations across each county, building
on the estimated 8, 200 participants in the South East in 2011 SOUTH EAST EMPLOYMENT ACTION PLAN †FORFà S
Waterford Institute of technology is particularly strong among Iots in terms of enterprise relevance and linkages. It delivers a range of industry relevant full and part time course and
WIT accounted for 17 percent of total Masters/Phd enrolments in the Iot sector in 2010
percent, which is lower than the share of the IOT sector overall at 48 percent in 2010
Despite its relatively small size Carlow Iot ranks 4th in terms of Innovation Voucher projects completed (101 between 2008 and 2011
Iots within the region and the enterprise agencies sector teams and SFI should be developed and implemented over the coming 12 months to
Skills, FAS, CEBS, relevant Iots, EI etc, should consider a coordinated response for the region, to ensure the appropriateness and relevance of education and training
of Technology (Iots) at Waterford and Carlow, Tipperary Institute & Carlow College. IT Carlow has outreach facilities at its Wexford Campus
The Iots have been proactive in terms of building relationships with industry, encompassing tailored delivery and development of courses, research collaborations and lifelong learning
the first of the Iots to establish such a cluster) represent a key step in enhancing research
systems research, through the TSSG Group, it is the first of the Iots in Ireland to lead an SFI
Again, the Iots in the region will have a key role to play in this regard, alongside FÃ S,
implementations of the Internet of things is convenient for users but also â€oelocks us -ers in†at the expense of security, privacy
the Internet of things 19growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe INTERNETPOWER TO THE PEOPLE Wikis
and the Iot Council, promoting an open Internet of things vision, are good examples of this. Expert bodies are essential for providing expertise and coordinating
inclusive processes of decision-making amongst key stakeholders OPEN STANDARD BODYTHE World wide web Consortium (W3c The ability to access knowledge
Internet of things integrates a vast universe of network-aware sensors, actuators video cameras, RFID-tagged objects and other devices that see,
Another big trend related to open hardware is the evolution of the Internet of things Iot). ) People, places,
and objects can be instrumented with tracking and sensing devices that continuously stream and measure data about real-world activity.
Rob Van Kranenburg, â€oesuccessful Iot means the best possible feedback on our physical and mental health, the best possible deals based on a real time monitoring for resource
Internet of things (Iot) focus area, where the IERC-Internet of things European Research Cluster25 coordinates a variety of Iot R&i projects
59growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe Grassroots Innovation in Europe: adapted from Sestini, F
Di gita l) In nova tion Digital) Social Innovation FI-PPP Venture capital Big data and cloud computing
and the emerging Internet of things have their roots in strong public investment that funded general-purpose technologies and basic research.
Rob van Kranenburg Cofounder of Bricolabs/Founder of the Internet of things Council/Community Manager of Roger Torrenti CEO, Sigma Orionis
Towards an RFIC Policy for Europe,(2007) From RFID to the Internet of things http://www. rfidconsultation. eu/workshops/from-rfid-to-the-internet-of-things-march-6-and
Internet of things are bound to bring more pervasive data collection, longer persistence of collected data, higher and more heterogeneous
commerce, and the Internet of things. In these cases, EU governments should use a wide PAGE 29 THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION FOUNDATION JUNE 2014
left by the Internet of things (Iot), i e. by those uniquely identifiable objects that can be tracked Big data have great potential to help produce
Internet of things service strategy that will help it tell customers how to schedule maintenance and avoid
implementations of the Internet of things is convenient for users but also â€oelocks us -ers in†at the expense of security, privacy
the Internet of things 19growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe INTERNETPOWER TO THE PEOPLE Wikis
and the Iot Council, promoting an open Internet of things vision, are good examples of this. Expert bodies are essential for providing expertise and coordinating
inclusive processes of decision-making amongst key stakeholders OPEN STANDARD BODYTHE World wide web Consortium (W3c The ability to access knowledge
Internet of things integrates a vast universe of network-aware sensors, actuators video cameras, RFID-tagged objects and other devices that see,
Another big trend related to open hardware is the evolution of the Internet of things Iot). ) People, places,
and objects can be instrumented with tracking and sensing devices that continuously stream and measure data about real-world activity.
Rob Van Kranenburg, â€oesuccessful Iot means the best possible feedback on our physical and mental health, the best possible deals based on a real time monitoring for resource
Internet of things (Iot) focus area, where the IERC-Internet of things European Research Cluster25 coordinates a variety of Iot R&i projects
59growing a Digital Social Innovation Ecosystem for Europe Grassroots Innovation in Europe: adapted from Sestini, F
Di gita l) In nova tion Digital) Social Innovation FI-PPP Venture capital Big data and cloud computing
and the emerging Internet of things have their roots in strong public investment that funded general-purpose technologies and basic research.
Rob van Kranenburg Cofounder of Bricolabs/Founder of the Internet of things Council/Community Manager of Roger Torrenti CEO, Sigma Orionis
in lifestyle communities in the Internet of things Iot) context. Quite an interesting example on wear -ables and citizen-generated data,
including data management which provides additional value for the community, is discussed. Important boost for this sector to grow is the open plug-in platform for
-ing Labs for the Internet of things. Both the XD process and holistic UX model were empirically
domain of the Internet of things (Iot) based ser -vices. Results show that while users mostly per
-tive IOT-based services. Finally, the resulting holis -tic UX model, XD process and use cases are briefly
adopt an innovative IOT-based product/service The XD process requires focusing on designing for
For example, the Iot based Green Services use case was launched with the innovative idea of getting real-time air quality that leads to multiple
of Things (Iot) based services, namely: Logistic Ser -vices (LS), Wellbeing Services (WS), Green Services
Iot-based services with a set of stakeholders on air quality and noise measurement via citizen
-ents for the usage of the Iot system as a persua -sive and dissemination tool (specifically the â€oerecip
The pilot was using Iot technologies in combina -tion with mobile communication. Mobile handsets were used,
and Iot-based technologies, namely the Smart Home approaches and devices, into an office environment.
B1. 1 New functionalities (Iot) 1 1 2 B1. 2 Automation Level (Iot) 1 1 1 1 1 5
B1. 3 Connectivity (Iot) 1 1 B2. 1 Reliability (Iot) 1 1 1 1 4
B2. 3 Efficiency (Iot) 1 1 B3. 1 Ergonomic Quality 1 1 1 1 1 5
B4. 1 Usefulness 1 1 1 3 B4. 2 Hedonic quality 1 1 2 B4. 3 Affordability 1 1 2
B4. 4 Productivity 1 1 B5. 1 Accessibility 1 1 2 B5. 2 Availability 1 1 2
Iot related product/service. Bottom-up because the selection of the most appropriate model elements and properties for each experience type, which they
adoption of the innovative IOT-based services It also worth taking into account that considering
Iot-based products and services where the com -petition relies on the combination of creating new
Living Labs for Internet of things, Proceedings of the IEEE International Technology Management Conference and 19th International Conference on Engineering
The Internet of things is now a reality. After many years of works and debates, the world of connected
-fore connected (the Internet of things •ICT On the ICT level the connection is made with data and software applications.
Internet of things. They know what combination of 124 O P E N I N N O V A t I O N y E A r B o O k 2 0 1 4
environment, smarter logistics, the internet of things new materials, medical applications and aging We are currently a long way from these goals.
by the internet of things (Iot), machine to machine (M2m) communication and over 80 billion connected devices globally, digital intelligence will be
Iot) and over 80 billion connected devices globally will drive efficiency and sustainability through digital intelligenceâ€
With the â€oeinternet of things†(Iot), web connected products with smartphone apps or access to social networks are increasingly becoming
computing, networked media and Internet of things. In total they represent an invest -ment in research of almost 870 million euro,
objects and items (Internet of things) and its integration with enterprise applications Although the current Internet, as a ubiquitous and universal means for communica
-centric, context-centric faces and internet of things-centric facets 4 Part I: Future Internet Foundations: Architectural Issues
Internet of things (Iot), and Internet Connected Objects. All of these systems are faced with very similar problems in their design with very limited interoperability among
Nextmedia, IOT-I, SOFI, EFFECTS+,EIFFEL, Cho -rus+,SESERV and Paradiso 2, and supported by the EC Units D1:
/Iot-A http://www. iot-a. eu /nextmedia http://www. fi-nextmedia. eu /OPTIMIX http://www. ict-optimix. eu
services, the interconnection of smart objects from the Internet of things, and the integration of increasingly demanding enterprise and societal applications
of Things (Iot), and Internet Connected Objects have proposed architectures for the systems they develop. All of these systems are faced with very similar
Real-world Internet, Internet of things, Internet Connected Objects Architecture 1 Introduction Devices and technologies ubiquitously deployed at the edges of the networks will
SENSEI, ASPIRE, IOT-A, PECES, CONET, SPITFIRE, Semsorgrid4env, this chapter presents the current status of the work aimed at definition of an RWI refer
Since the introduction of the terminology over a decade ago, the"Internet of things Iot)" has undergone an evolution of the underlying concepts as more and more rele
-vant technologies are maturing. The initial vision was of a world in which all physical
an Internet of things, and lay the foundations of a new age of machine perception†We believe that machine perception of the real world is still at the heart of the
Internet of things, no matter what new technologies have meanwhile become avail -able to enable it. As such, one of the key roles of the Internet of things is to bridge
the physical world and its representation in the digital world of information systems enabling what we refer to in part of the Future Internet Assembly (FIA) community as
the devices HAL of the Internet of things, offering real world information and in -teraction capabilities to machines, software artifacts and humans connected to it
and from Iot devices is taking place via local wired and wireless communication links between devices in their prox
this chapter, the most prominent being SPITFIRE SPITFIRE and Iot-A Iot-A as these projects have started just and have not produced architectures yet,
The Iot-A project extends the concepts developed in SENSEI further to provide a unified architecture for an Internet of things.
It aims at the creation of a common architectural framework making a diversity of real world information sources such as
building blocks on which a future Iot architecture will be based, such as a global resolution infrastructure that allows Iot resources to be resolved dynamically to enti
-ties of the real world to which they can relate 78 A. Gluhak et al 4. 7 Summary of Project Realizations
The work on the Iot reference architecture will continue to be driven by the RWI group of the FIA in collaboration with the FP7 IOT-i coordinated action project
http://www. iot-i. eu) and the IERC, the European Research Cluster on the Internet of
Things (http://www. internet-of-things-research. eu/).The results will be contributed to the FIA Architecture track.
The Things in the Internet of things. Poster at the Internet of Things Conference, Tokyo (Iot, 2010)( 2010), available at http://www
iot-a. eu/public/news/resources/Thethingsintheinternetof Things sh. pdf Accessed Jan 24, 2011 Iot-A EU FP7 Internet of things Architecture project
http://www. iot-a. eu/public LLAAL FZI Living Lab AAL, http://aal. fzi. de
/PECES PERVASIVE Computing in Embedded systems, FP7 http://www. ict-peces. eu /Semsorgrid4env Semantic Sensor Grids for Rapid Application Development for Environ
-mental Management, FP7, http://www. semsorgrid4env. eu /SENSEI Integrating the Physical with the Digital World of the Network of the Fu
SPITFIRE Semantic-Service Provisioning for the Internet of things using Future Internet Research By experimentation, FP7, http://www. spitfire
Things to a Future INTERNET OF THINGS: A Wireless-and Mobility-Related View. IEEE Wireless communications 17 (6)( 2010
Web Services and Internet of things approaches. Each of these approaches focus on specific aspects and objectives which underlie the high level requirements of being a
Internet of things The three views can be interpreted as emphasizing different aspect rather than ex -pressing opposing statements.
such as Linked Data, RESTFUL Web Services, Internet of Service, Internet of things 2. 1 The Interdatanet Information Model and Service Architecture
Internet of things: 20th Tyrrhenian Workshop on Digital communications, Springer, Hei -delberg (2009), doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419-1674-7 12
Internet of things 8) The above-mentioned flexibility issues favours a smooth migration towards the proposed approach. As a matter of fact, it is expected that Cognitive Manager
management or manufacturing, †the Internet of things †to social networks While it is evident that sharing
Services, the paradigm equally applies to the Internet of things and the underlying technology cloud platform below. Cloud computing gained significant attention and
example of city-scale platform architecture for utilizing innovative Internet of things technologies to enhance the quality of life of citizens.
Internet of things and Enterprise Environments (DG Infso. The report claims that we are close to a significant transformation in the enterprise systems, where (i
the Internet of Services (Ios), Internet of things (Iot) and smart ob -jects, Internet of Knowledge (Iok), Internet of People (Iop.
, Iot Ios, Multi-Agent Systems, Cloud computing, Autonomic Systems) and, in parallel some key areas of the enterprise that will start to benefit of the FINES approach
and the Internet of things (Iot) promot -ing real world user interfaces The concept of smart cities seen from the perspective of technologies and compo
cloud computing and the emerging Internet of things, open data, semantic web, and future media technologies have much to offer.
in parallel with the Internet of things and embedded systems, providing new oppor -tunities for content management 12,13. Media Internet technologies are at the
on Internet of things Smart power management Portable systems Smart systems enabling integrated solutions e g. health and care
and applications for Internet of things in the city), the TEFIS project (platform for 438 H. Schaffers et al
co-creation of wellbeing, logistics and environment Iot-based services A comparison of the role of users in FIRE facilities projects compared to Living
-mentation on the Future Internet and the Internet of things within cities, such as Smart Santander and, within the Iot cluster, ELLIOT.
The CIP ICT-PSP programme has initiated several pilot projects dedicated to smart cities and Living Labs, some
as Iot devices. The architecture supports a secure and open platform of heterogene -ous technologies.
Internet of things in Smart City www. peripheria. eu •Open Cities (CIP ICT-PSP, 2010. Public sector services
The ELLIOT project (Experiential Living Lab for the Internet of things) represents a clear example of Living Labs and Future Internet interaction, elaborating three Iot
use cases in three different Living Labs. The first use case is dedicated to co-creation
PACA), the local research institute providing the Iot-based green service portal and managing the experiments (INRIA/Axis), the Internet Foundation for the New Gen
Iot-based green services use case are twofold: to investigate experiential learning of the Iot in an open and environmental data context,
and to facilitate the co-creation of Smart Cities and the Future Internet 441 green services based on environmental data obtained via sensors.
services use case is based an Iot service portal which addresses three main Iot -related portal services by allowing the user:
1) to participate in the collection of envi -ronmental data; 2) to participate in the co-creation of services based on environmental
diary studies for Iot experience analysis, and coupling quan -titative and qualitative approaches for portal usage analysis. In this context of an open
Cities portfolio of projects and the Internet of things European Research Cluster IERC) and can therefore be taken as a model of Smart Cities and Future Internet
-dating Iot-based service concepts and applications through Living Labs approaches for smart cities (e g. the Smartsantander and ELLIOT projects
Things (Iot) and Internet of Services (Ios), can become building blocks to pro -gress towards a unified urban-scale ICT platform transforming a Smart City
level (Iot to support the complexity of heterogeneous sensors deployed in ur -ban spaces), and at the service level (Ios as a suit of open and standardized en
Smart Cities, Sensor and Actuator Networks, Internet of things Internet of Services, Ubiquitous Sensor Networks, Open, Federated and Trusted
•The Internet of things (Iot: defined as a global network infrastructure based on standard and interoperable communication protocols where physical and virtual
-nents of the Future Internet, namely Iot and Ios, can be essential building blocks in future Smart Cities open innovation platforms.
development of next generation urban Iot platforms are outlined in Section 3. Sec -tion 4 discusses the need for realistic urban-scale open
2 Iot and Ios as ICT Building blocks for Smart Cities In the analysis from Forrester research 9 on the role that ICT will play in creating
Therefore Iot, essential to the FI, can be invaluable to provide the necessary technological support to manage in a homogeneous and sustainable way
Ios evolution must be correlated undoubtedly with Iot advances. Otherwise, a number of future Smart City services will never have an opportunity to be con
-ing Iot and Ios at the city scale Starting with the benefits of Iot technologies, they are twofold:
on the one hand they can increase the efficiency, accuracy and effectiveness in operation and man -agement of the city†s complex ecosystem and, on the other, they can provide the nec
-eration (NG) Iot platforms suitable to different usage areas and open business models to improve market dynamics by involving third parties in the value chain (SMES
Some of the essential functionalities identified as required for NG Iot platforms comprise the support for horizontality, verticality, heterogeneity, mobility, scalability
Cross-domain NG Iot platforms may foster the creation of new services taking advantage of the increasing levels of effi
example 12) that the real impact of future Iot developments is tied heavily to the parallel evolution of the Ios. So, a Smart City could only become a true open innova
-tion platform through the proper harmonization of Ios and Iot. There can be a long
and deployed Iot plat -forms). ) In that way, an increasing number of Smart Cities†services could be searched
Iot Resources sensor & actuator networks Ios resources Testbed 1 USN-Enabler Service 1 Adaptation &
Iot federation level NGN /Telco2. 0 Web2. 0 Service 2 Iot Service Service n Domain ntestbed n
A&h Control Layer A&h Control Layer Other Enablers Domain 1 A&h Control Layer Fig. 1. Global Service Delivery Platform (GSDP) integrating Iot/Ios building blocks
3 Developing Urban Iot Platforms At present, some works have been reported of practical implementations in order to develop Iot platforms inspired by the Ubiquitous Sensor Networks concept from the
ITU-T USN Standardization Group 21. Some research teams have initiated already activities in this line, but there are currently very few references to them in the literature
ITU€ s USN concept envisions a â€oetechnological framework for ambient sensor networks not as simple sets of interconnected networks but as intelligent information infrastruc
This capability will allow a seamless link between Iot and Ios, as discussed in Section 2
3. 2 USN Architecture for Urban Iot Platforms While the new wave of Next Generation Iot platforms are expected to be defined by
initiatives and projects like Iot-A 23, the IERC cluster 24 or the emerging PPP
Iot Core Platform Working group discussion 25, multiple different approaches for First Generation Iot-platforms are currently being implemented.
In essence, many of them are realizations of the described ITU-T†s model. For reference on the current
state of the technology, this Section describes a practical USN platform implementa -tion (more details can be found in 22),
advanced Iot platforms. As shown in Figure 2, a functional specialization of the building blocks has been applied in this work
Fig. 2. High-level Architecture of a USN Iot Platform Smart Cities at the Forefront of the Future Internet 455
needed to enable an evolving FI based on the Iot and Ios paradigms Functionalities required to support services are offered both in synchronous and
on technologies of the Iot. The resulting scale and heterogeneity of the environment makes it an ideal environment for enabling the above mentioned broad range of experi
Furthermore, a city can serve as an excellent catalyst for Iot research as it forms a very dense techno-social ecosystem.
required for testing of Iot as well as other Future Internet technologies for market adop -tion. This new smart city model can serve as an excellent incubator for the development
services and applications for the Iot. The facility will allow large-scale experimenta -tion and testing in a real-world environment.
initiatives on both Iot and Ios areas as WISEBED 25, SENSEI 8 and the USN
Iot Platform (presented in Section 3) including Web 2. 0 and Telco 2. 0 design princi
i) Access control and IOT Node Security subsys -tem, ii) Experiment Support Subsystem, iii) the Facility Management Support Sub
Iot nodes, and component interactions and information models used to fulfill the sub -system†s functionality
-nical and societal barriers that prevent the Iot concept to become an everyday reality but also will attract the widest interest
Future Internet potential, through Iot and Ios, for creating new real-life applications and services is huge in the smart city context.
First time success of large Iot deploy -ments is jeopardized seriously by the lack of testbeds of the required scale, and suitable
-tions and, validation of their viability as candidate solutions for real life Iot scenarios At present, some practical implementations of advanced USN platforms 22 have
-twining Iot and Ios worlds. Referred Iot USN platform is currently being evolved with the addition of new capabilities,
and integrated within other components being previously developed by the EU projects SENSEI 8 and WISEBED 33 to imple
-ment a city scale infrastructure for Iot technologies experimentation within the Smartsantander project. In this project, a large infrastructure of about 20,000 Iot
devices is addressed. Currently, the deployment of the first 2, 000 sensors in the urban environment is been carried.
Realising the Internet of things, CERP-Iot, March 2010. European commission, Brussels 2010 6. Future Internet Assembly 2009, Stockholm, Sweden (November 2009), http://ec
Internet of things Architecture project, http://www. iot-a. eu/public/front-page 462 J. M. Hernã¡ndez-Muã oz et al
Iot European Research Cluster, http://www. internet-of-things-research. eu /25. White paper on the FI PPP definition (Jan. 2010), http://www. future-internet
Iot and Ios as ICT Building blocks for Smart Cities Developing Urban Iot Platforms The Need of Urban Scale Experimental Facilities
Conclusions References Author Index <</ASCII85ENCODEPAGES false /Allowtransparency false /Autopositionepsfiles true /Autorotatepages/None /Binding/Left /Calgrayprofile (Gray Gamma 2. 2
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