innovation policy

Innovation policy

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and in technology and innovation policy they are criticised sometimes on the ground that they fail to provide the commitment necessary for, e g.,

Adaptive options in technology and innovation policy should be seen not only as laboratory RTD, but can also include pilots

These projects focused on strategy and programme development in research, technology and innovation policy, and stressed the interdependenciie with other policy areas and other innovation actors.

technology and innovation policy at national and regional level. 21 These projects stress in particular the need to understand Adaptive foresight as a continuous monitoring,

and the addressee, respectively, Austrian federal innovation policy or the Swedish national innovation system. This situation indicates that the political setup around an AF project can be rather sensitive

but at best be repeated every few years, for instance in line with an update of the overall technology and innovation policy strategy.

Proceedings of the SCORE Workshop, Copenhagen, 20 21 april 2006, TNO, Delft, 2006.30 H. Van Zuylen, K. M. Weber, Opportunities and limitations of European innovation policy

and advising government on matters of research, technology and innovation policy. Apart from foresight methodologies, his main research interests are in the governance of research and innovation systems, in the transformation of large socio-technical systems towards sustainability

Innovation policy; Networking; Robust Portfolio Modeling Available online at www. sciencedirect. com Technological forecasting & Social Change 75 (2008) 483 495 Corresponding author.

foresight activities can be conducted within RTD programs and other instruments of innovation policy 7. In this paper, we examine issues in the organization of foresight activities within European coordination tools such as Integrated Projects, Networks of Excellence, ERA NETS, European Technology platforms and Technology initiatives

which seek to foster European collaboration in innovation policy. Specifically we report the design and implementation of an embedded foresight process that was organized in the ERA NET program on wood material sciences 8. Building on the experiences from this process,

and the management of multiple interfaces present in European-wide innovation policy coordination. 2. Foresight within ERA NETS The ERA NET scheme3 seeks to strengthen the coordination

ERA NETS and other European coordination tools are indicative of the transformation of the EU innovation policy from financially oriented measures to the facilitation and monitoring of stakeholder processes

this transformation represents a shift from optimization-oriented innovation policies for the mitigation of market failures towards coordination-oriented policies (3,

we have discussed the use of decision support methodologies in the development of a shared research agenda inwoodwisdom-Net, an ERA NET on wood material research that is an example of the coordination tools for EU innovation policies.

governance, Technikfolgenabschätzung Theorie und Praxis 12 (2)( 2003) 11 20.13 S. Kuhlmann, J. Edler, Scenarios of technology and innovation policies in Europe:

J. Econ. 19 (1)( 1995) 25 46.15 R. Smits, S. Kuhlmann, The rise of systemic instruments in innovation policy, Int. J. Foresight Innov.

International Journal of Foresight and Innovation policy. Ahti Salo (M. Sc. 1987, D. Tech. 1992) is Professor at the Systems analysis Laboratory with research interests in decision analysis, decision support systems, technology foresight, and risk management.

An Evaluation of the Second Round of Swedish Technology foresight, Teknisk Framsyn, 2002 2004,2005. 7 J. Cassingena Harper, L. Georghiou, The targeted and unforeseen impacts of foresight on innovation policy:

the eforesee Malta case study, International Journal of Foresight and Innovation policy 2 (1)( 2005) 84 103.8 L. Georghiou, M. Keenan, Evaluation of national foresight activities:

She is currently a freelance research and innovation policy analyst and a part-time Phd researcher at PREST.

Effie Amanatidou, Research and Innovation policy Analyst, P o box: 1698, Trilofos, P. C. 57500, Trilofos Thessalonikis, Greece.

www. wiseguys. ltd. uk, a company he launched in 2000 to conduct innovation policy research and provide advice to innovation policymakers and administrators.

and Technopolis Ltd, an innovation policy consultancy which he founded in 1989 and which, by the time of his departure in January 2000, had grown to be a leader in its field, with offices in Brighton, Amsterdam, Paris and Vienna.

Implications for Innovation policy, Office for Official Publications of the European communities, Luxembourg, 1999.580 A. Havas/Technological forecasting & Social Change 75 (2008) 558 582 15 OECD, New Rationale

and Approaches in Technology and Innovation policy, STI Review, No. 22,1998. 16 OECD, Benchmarking Industry science Relationships, OECD, Paris, 2002.17 W. Polt, C. Rammer, H. Gassler, A. Schibany,

Policy 30 (6)( 2001) 891 903.20 S. Kuhlmann, Future governance of innovation policy in Europe three scenarios, Res.

His academic interests are in economics of innovation theory and practice of innovation policy, and technology foresight. In 1997 2000 he was Programme Director of TEP, the Hungarian technology foresight programme.

innovation policy development and others inclined toward the provocation of innovation an opportunity to learn some new approaches as well as to reflect further upon some familiar tools such as risk assessment being profiled re within the new context of FTA.

The existence of the Technology barometer is itself a provocative approach to innovation policy futures. From Germany

and priorities for innovation policy. As well, the interplay between foresight and policy is defined further and elaborated,

and the innovation policy literature, do offer such discussions, even going so far as to prescribe effective means of social organization.

Scott Cunningham received a Ph d. in Science, Technology and Innovation policy from the Science policy Research Unit.

technology and innovation policy 6. Foresight is however much less well developed in strategic planning contexts as it often misses the link between analyzing uncertainties to assessing options

and prioritize science, technology and innovation policy measures. While the earlier approaches tended to be techno-deterministic,

innovation policy in the transport field, Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change 69 (9)( 2002) 929 951.48 H. Turton,

Technology analysis & Strategic management 21 (3)( 2009) 381 405.3 R. Smits, S. Kuhlmann, The rise of systemic instruments in innovation policy, Int. J. Foresight Innov.

The Handbook of Technology foresight, PRIME Series on Research and Innovation policy, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK, 2008.8 I. Nonaka, H. Takeutchi, The Knowledge-creating Company, Oxford university Press, New york, 1995.9

including the links between foresight knowledge, corporate strategy and innovation policy. She graduated in Helsinki University of Technology and holds a Phd from Helsinki Swedish School of economics and Business administration

Along with increasing significance of innovation in socioeconomic development grows the need to utilize future-oriented knowledge in innovation policy-making.

Innovation policy Science and Technology indicators Barometer Future-oriented knowledge 1. Introduction A growing number of different international comparison systems of the economic and innovation performance of nations have emerged within a decade 2

and identifies possible areas for development activities in national innovation policy in the future. Both parts are structured in a similar way enabling the linking of ex-post and ex-ante analyses mutually

as described above, involved a series of expert panels of the TEK, VTT and innovation policy experts.

Despite the vast amount of interest in the Nordic innovation policy during the last decade, even this approach may have its pitfalls.

/Technological forecasting & Social Change 76 (2009) 1177 1186 most notably in terms of social needs and innovation policy interest, for the kinds of insights that the technology barometer exercise can deliver.

Section 4. 1 draws conclusions of the experiences and observable impacts of technology barometer as an instrument supporting innovation policy-making

and Section 4. 2 discusses further development perspectives of the barometer in the future. 4. 1. Results of barometer support innovation policy-making One of the strategic aims of technology barometer exercise is to provide guidance on technologies and actions

IMD or European commission, are valuable for decision-makers in innovation policy, but furthermore the related national comparative examination gives additional and more detailed insights into the discussion of the future development of the national economy and innovation system.

This is a clear encouragement to continueworking on the metrics necessary for exemplifying the implications of innovation policy on the society.

and also transformations in national innovation policies could be triggers of the new barometer exercise. The content of barometer will be developed further in appropriate ways

In order to respond to the systemic challenges of the innovation policy environment, there is also a need to increase the proactive and future-oriented elements in technology barometer.

and Research Coordinator of innovation and innovation policy studies at VTT. His recent research work is related to the rationales of innovation policy, foresight of technologies (e g. transition towards sustainable energy systems), intellectual property rights,

and impacts of globalization on enterprise R&d, innovation systems and innovation policies. He holds A m. Sc. in economics from Helsinki University.

Toni Ahlqvist is a Senior Research scientist and Team Leader of Technology foresight and Technology assessment team at VTT.

In five parallel working groups, different aspects of research and innovation policy around novel topics will be discussed: Organisation of scientific communities Establishment of research alliances Research programmes and initiatives Innovation policy instruments Ideation A round-table discussion enhanced this discussion

and asked if strategic partnerships will be a means to implement new or crosscutting topics. The challenge for the BMBF Foresight process from 2009 onwards was the design of concrete strategies to address some of the topics identified.

or if it is more about identifying actors, innovation policy measures or other issues. When this paper is written,

Participatory Priority Setting for Research and Innovation policy, IRB Publishers, Stuttgart, 2004.14 K. Cuhls, L. Georghiou, Evaluating a Participative Foresight process:‘

/Technological forecasting & Social Change 76 (2009) 1187 1197 22 P. Warnke, G. Heimeriks, Technology foresight as innovation policy instrument:

Future-oriented technology analysis, Strategic intelligence for an Innovative economy, Springer, Berlin, 2008, pp. 149 162.24 S. Kuhlmann, R. Smits, The rise of Systemic Instruments in Innovation policy, Int. Journal of Foresight

and Innovation policy, vol. 1, 2004, pp. 4 32,2/3. 25 C. Cagnin, M. Keenan, R. Johnston, F. Scapolo, R. Barré, Future-oriented technology analysis

, Strategic intelligence for an Innovative economy, Springer, Berlin, 2008.26 A g. Pereira, R. von Schomberg, S. Funtowicz, Foresight Knowledge Assessment, International Journal of Foresight and Innovation policy, vol

L. Georghiou (Ed.),The Handbook of Technology foresight, Concepts and Practice, PRIME Series on Research and Innovation policy, 2008, pp. 131 152.29 K. Cuhls, K. Blind, Knut

The Handbook of Technology foresight, Concepts and Practice, PRIME Series on Research and Innovation policy, 2008.32 S. Kuhlmann, et al.

Weber et al. discusses the trade-offs between policy impacts of FTA with the experience gained from the innovation policy foresight

science and technology and innovation policy studies 1. Introduction The setting of priorities in science and innovation policy is one of the most important rationales for implementing national foresight activities.

Important users of this type of foresight activity are often national research and innovation councils, national research programmes and similar entities involved directly in prioritising public expenditure on research and development (R&d).

the funding for research and innovation councils and targeted research programmes is a more dynamic instrument, suitable for interaction with national science and innovation policy.

The OECD Review of Innovation policy was conducted in 2006 and commissioned by the MCHER. The Review report (see OECD 2007) suggested a number of needed reforms in the system of public sector research governance

Reviews of innovation policy: Luxembourg. Paris: OECD. Thorsteinsdottir, H. 2000. Public sector research in small countries: does size matter?

experiences from the innovation policy foresight and strategy process of the City of Vienna K. Matthias Weber a, Klaus Kubeczko a, Alexander Kaufmann a & Barbara Grunewald a a Austrian Institute of technology, Department Foresight

experiences from the innovation policy foresight and strategy process of the City of Vienna, Technology analysis & Strategic management, 21:8, 953-969, DOI:

experiences from the innovation policy foresight and strategy process of the City of Vienna K. Matthiasweber*,Klaus Kubeczko, Alexander Kaufmann and Barbara Grunewald Austrian Institute of technology, Department Foresight and Policy development, Vienna

and strategy process to revisit its urban research and innovation policy. This process undoubtedly had a major impact on policy;

objectives and results of the Viennese innovation policy foresight and strategy process and the different impact dimensions will be analysed

innovation policy; policy impact 1. Introduction In 2006, the City of Vienna initiated a far-reaching and open strategy process on the orientation of its future research, technology and innovation (RTI) policy.

the late 1970s saw the emergence of a new paradigm in research, technology and then also innovation policies,

science, technology and innovation policies give the thematic portfolio of a country or region a greater weight again and pay more attention to long-term perspectives.

However, in viewof the complexity and the ever-changing character of the object of policy which strongly applies in the case of innovation policy it is recognised now widely that there is neither a clear-cut recipe for nor an overarching theory of policy making (OECD 2005.

which the experiences and impacts of the innovation policy foresight of the City of Vienna will be assessed,

and analyses to underpin the development of an integrated, future-oriented urban research and innovation policy.

With the regional research and innovation policy bodies being still in a process of emergence, several Viennese organisations were not able to tell with whom they would cooperate on joint actions.

the support given by the city councillors ensured a coherent appearance of urban research and innovation policy to the outside.

the innovation policy strategy has certainly become a point of reference for many new policy initiatives. Reference is made regularly to the strategy to lend legitimacy to new initiatives and document their compatibility.

if this is seen as a first step only towards establishing a more strategic and open governance culture. 6. Conclusions The innovation policy foresight

and innovation policy to the forefront of policy attention and that brought together representatives from most relevant policy areas.

in parallel with a shorter‘official'strategy document that outlines the common ground of urban research and innovation policy.

and strategy process had a quite significant impact on guiding the future research and innovation policy in Vienna, but the closeness to policy making implied that some of the exploratory and‘out-of-the-box'thinking that would usually be part of a foresight process was regarded not desirable

He studied economics and has been doing research and foresight projects in the area of research, technoloog and innovation policy, in particular related to regional and technological innovation systems such as transport and energy.

research performance and systemic innovation policy instruments. Barbara Grunewald has been Research Associate at Austrian Institute of technology (AIT) in the Department of Foresight & Policy development since 2005.

Paper presented at the 40th Anniversary Conference of SPRU,‘The Future of Science, Technology and Innovation policy:

The targeted and unforeseen impacts on innovation policy: the eforesee Malta case study. International Journal of Foresight and Innovation policy 2, no. 1: 84 103.

Da Costa, O.,P. Warnke, F. Scapolo, and C. Cagnin. 2008. The impact of foresight on policy-making:

Truffer, B.,J.-P. Voss, and K. Konrad. 2008. Mapping expectations for system transformations. Lessons for sustainability foresight in German utility sectors.

International Journal of Foresight and Innovation policy 1: 126 48. Grunwald, A. 2004. Strategic knowledge for sustainable development:

International Journal of Foresight and Innovation policy 1: 150 67. Habermas, J. 1998. The inclusion of the other:

International Journal of Foresight and Innovation policy 3, no. 4: 403 19. Jenssen, S. Forthcoming. Municipal visions:

research and innovation policy; innovation studies; group decision support 1. Introduction As an instrument of strategic policy intelligence (Smits and Kuhlmann 2004), foresight must often serve multiple objectives that are shaped by its policy context.

with the aim of paving the way for measures that the broadening scope of innovation policies would call for.

of which addressed structural issues (e g. regional innovation policy; intellectual properrt rights; demand-orientation of innovation activities. The objectives of this process whose Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:11 03 december 2014 Axes of balance in foresight 997 results were published in June 2008

Building on the National Innovation strategy, the Governmeen has produced its Report on Innovation policy which has been debated in the Parliament in late 2008.4.

and Innovation policy Council as of January 2009) is to assist the Government and its ministries by addressing, for instance,

major matters in relation to research and innovation policy by preparing related plans for the Government. 7. See http://www. tekes. fi/eng/strategic centres/8. For examples,

International Journal of Foresight and Innovation policy 1, no. 1 2: 70 88. Smith, K. 2000.

STPC. 2006. Science, technology, innovation. Helsinki: Ministry of Education. http://www. minedu. fi/export/sites/default/OPM/Tiede/tutkimus-ja innovaationeuvosto/TTN/julkaisut/liitteet/Review 2006. pdf?

and more specifically for foresight, in terms of its inbuilt concern with research and innovation policy or strategy issues.

FTA APPROACHES are locked also in a spiral of co-evolution with research and innovation policy, finding new applications in aligning actors around societal challenges (as described by Ko nno la et al.)

and in demand-side innovation policies while also influencing the development of those policies. Schoen et al. address recent developments in foresight theory

In particular it is suggested that the capability of Foresight to function as a systemic innovation policy instrument for enhancing innovation

and innovation policy from other policy areas such as social or employment policies where the Open Method of Coordination has been applied earlier on in Europe. 3. 1. Governance arenas in European research

R&i systems, principal-agent and agency theories, strategic and distributed intelligence for innovation policy. It proposes a functional description of National innovation systems along three interacting arenas of governance:

and programming arena and create trusted ground for nanoinnovvation at the orientation arena level. 6. Conclusions The paper set out from the notion of Foresight as a systemic innovation policy instrument supporting priority setting,

Howevermuch remains to be done to refine the framework to function as a sound base for tailoring research and innovation policy instruments.

ERA is, in short, the integration/coordination of research and innovation policies between the EU and Member States 13 Mona:

(ERA), European commission, Luxembourg, 2008.19 D. Braun, Special issue on‘‘The political coordination of knowledge and innovation policies'',Science and Public policy 35 (4)( 2008.

the case of the European union, Journal of European Public policy 3 (3)( 1996) 318 338.22 S. Kuhlmann, Future governance of innovation policy in Europe three scenarios, Research policy 30

the open method of co-ordination in innovation policy, Journal of European Public policy 11 (2)( 2004) 249 266.24 R. Barre',Essai d'interpre'tation de

La Recherche et l'innovation en France, Odile Jacob, Paris, 2007.25 R. Smits, S. Kuhlmann, The rise of systemic instruments in innovation policy, International

Journal of Foresight and Innovation policy 1 (1/2)( 2004) 4 32.26 A. Salo, T. Ko nno la, M. Hjelt, Responsiveness in Foresight management:

reflections from the Finnish food and drink industry, International Journal of Foresight and Innovation policy 1 (1 2)( 2009) 70 88.27 T. Ko nno la, V

Foresight for research and innovation policy and strategy Luke Georghiou a,,*Jennifer Cassingena Harper b a Manchester Institute of Innovation research, MBS, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9pl, UK b Malta Council for Science

or reform innovation policy and strategy, an activity which sometime ago called‘‘wiring up the innovation system''4. In recent years there has been growth in for regional innovation

and innovation policy and strategy together and use of foresight for more joined-up policies and defining the appropriate policy mix.

Recent trends in research and innovation policy have opened new opportunities for the application of foresight. The emergence of coordinating instruments such as technology platforms is normally crystallised around a technology roadmap;

Available online 18 november 2010 A b s T R A c T The paper addresses the application of foresight to research and innovation policy and strategy.

Recent trends in research and innovation policy have opened new opportunities for the application of foresight. Systemic and demand-side policies require a shared vision on the part of purchasers and suppliers.

An increasing structural focus for foresight exercises is associated not only with broader R&i system reform but also with an engagement with new-wave innovation policies.

new demand-side innovation policies such as the use of innovative public procurement and regulation to pull through innovations requires a shared vision on the part of purchasers and suppliers.

and shape the future of their innovation environment 6. Firms are increasingly playing a role in defining innovation policy due to the rise of demand side approaches and the convergence of corporate and structural foresight.

In the open innovation systems firms are concerned less with stand-alone type foresight and more about how corporate strategy interfaces with the emerging research and innovation policy scenario.

Beyond this if we expand the vision to innovation policy the focus is very much upon using foresight methods to achieve alignment of the principal stakeholders around an agenda for the future.

and to speculate on the future role for foresight in research and innovation policy. 2. The problem with priorities...

Foresight aligning actors in innovation policy Structural issues are also to the fore in an emerging important application of foresight

and Johnston‘‘wiring up the innovation system''through strengthening connections within it 4. Foresight becomes a systemic innovation policy instrument as defined by Smits

and Kuhlmann 31, serving the function of enhancing the capability of innovation systems for self-organisation and raising the level of analysis for innovation policy to the system level.

While the rationale for innovation policy remains anchored in the Arrow concepts of market failure for many government economists,

The type of deficiencies that innovation policy seeks to correct include lack of integration also at the level of the policy framework itself,

How then does this relate to trends in innovation policy? An emergent opportunity for the application of foresight is in demand-side innovation policy.

This represents a reorientation of innovation policy which attempts to match the traditional supply-side measures with new demand-side measures.

Supply-side refers here to the provision of firms with resources, technological knowledge and/or the capabilities to innovate.

Cariola and Rolfo link this to an evolution from hierarchical organisational structures with tangible assets to network knowledge-based organisational forms as a backdrop to the formulation of innovation policy 36.

When it comes to the use of public procurement as an instrument of innovation policy, the basic premise is that the public buyer can specify requirements that cannot be met from off-the-shelf gods

future for foresight in research and innovation policy Rationales for foresight activity have evolved in recent years to feature a range of research

and innovation policy concerns reflecting sometimes coinciding but often conflicting transnational, supranational, national and regional contexts.

J. Cassingena Harper/Futures 43 (2011) 243 251 249 engineering major changes required in EU research and innovation policy in the coming years.

foresight is instrumental in informing the design and implementation of research and innovation policy with three distinctive roles:

and innovation policy offers a robust future for these approaches. For the community which has developed them the challenge is to ensure that their standards of rigour

. Klusacek, Technology foresight in the Czech republic, International Journal of Foresight and Innovation policy 1 (1 2)( 2004) 89 105.10 K. Klusacek, Key technologies for the Czech National research Programme, in:

R. Smits, S. Kuhlmann, The rise of systemic instruments in innovation policy, International Journal of Foresight and Innovation policy 1 (1/2)( 2004) 4 32.32 P. Warnke

, G. Heimeriks, Technology foresight as innovation policy instrument learning from science and technology studies, in: C. Cagnin, M. Keenan, R. Johnston, F. Scapolo, R. Barre'(Eds.

in innovation policy, International Journal of Foresight and Innovation policy 1 (1)( 2004) 4 32.3 T. Ko nno la, G. C. Unruh, J. Carrillo-Hermosilla

reflections from the Finnish food and drink industry, International Journal of Foresight and Innovation policy 1 (1 2)( 2004) 70 88.11 O. Helmer, Looking Forward:

. Introduction Future oriented technology analysis (FTA) is an umbrella term for a broad set of activities that facilitate decision-making and coordinated action, especially in science, technology and innovation policy-making.

Available online 19 november 2010 A b s T R A c T Future oriented technology analysis (FTA) applied to innovation policy and practice often goes well beyond the narrow domain of technology forecasting.

three cycles on a highway, International Journal of Foresight and Innovation policy 2 (1)( 2005) 1 34.14 T. Ko nno la, T. Ahlqvist, A. Eerola, S

With a similar line of thought in his keynote at the 2011 FTA Conference, Ollila (2011) from Nokia focused on the future challenges for innovation policy as resulting in particcula from global economic developments.

He argued that innovation policies should be better fine tuned to support the emergence of innovation networks and innovation ecosystems.

He saw innovation policies as horizontal policies that cover the whole innovation system by shaping a favourable innovation environment.

and for innovation policy based on a networking approach. The papers presented in this special issue address the above issues by exploring from different angles the growing demand for forward-looking intelligence in times of crisis and uncertainty,

The innovation policy challenge, keynote speech. Fourth international Seville conference on futureorieente technology analysis, May 12 13, Seville. http://foresight. jrc. ec. europa. eu/fta 2011/documents/download/PRESENTATIONS/Keynotes/JO

ontological unpredictability becomes increasingly important for innovation policy and strategy. The analysis of the nature of ontological unpredictability explains why future-oriented technology analysis

In this paper, the epistemic and ontological causes for this failure are described and their implications for foresight, innovation policy,

and International Journal of Foresight and Innovation policy. He has been a consultant for large firms and governmental bodies in Italy and abroad in several foresight projects.

International Journal of Foresight and Innovation policy 3, no. 2: 218 34. Ruff, F. 2006. Corporate foresight:

and is now a senior advisor of STI (Science, Technology and Innovation policy and strategy at CGEE.

policy perspective Innovation policy roadmapping Roadmap for developing synthesising policy perspectives for public actors Combination of roadmap knowledge spaces depends on the specific aims of the process Forming policy conclusions on the basis of the roadmapping Downloaded by University of Bucharest

This category also contains a methodology of innovation policy roadmapping (see Ahlqvist, Valovirta, and Loikkanen 2012.

His current research focusses on socio-spatial transformations induced by science, technology, and innovation policies. He has published widely in the field of foresight, on topics such as roadmapping, emerging technologies and infrastructures,

Her research focusses on the links between foresight knowledge, corporate strategy, and innovation policy. She holds a Phd from Helsinki Swedish School of economics and Businessadministration and Lic.

Innovation policy roadmapping as a systemic instrument for forwardloookin policy design. Science and Public policy 39, no. 2: 178 90.

Whittington, R, . and Cailluet, L. 2008. The crafts of strategy. Long Range Planning 41, no. 3: 241 47.