A similarly linear perspective but from a different angle holds for the critical technologies"studies conducted in the US, in France and The netherlands.
In the simplest form, for example the US Critical technologies Program which ran from 1989 to 1998,
the CEE region has probably been focussed the most upon the‘‘critical technologies''style of foresight with prominent examples including successive Russian exercises 21,22
Human and Societal Dynamics, IOS Press, 2006, pp. 92 109.22 A. Sokolov, Russian Critical technologies 2015, European foresight monitoring Network Brief, 79.
PAGE 42 jforesight jvol. 15 NO. 1 2013 This study was based on another foresight study devoted to the identification of national S&t priorities and a corresponding list of critical technologies (Sokolov, 2008b.
The following criteria were used to make the list of critical technologies: B contribution to increasing the GDP growth rate;
and specific projects were selected on the basis of their relevance to the identified critical technologies. The structure of this study has three levels.
(which correspond to critical technologies) and more than 900 topics. The thematic areas include: B Information and Telecommunication systems;
2030 was based on the FS1 results and also on a renewed version of the National S&t priorities and Critical technologies.
It included three critical technologies (at the second thematic level: B prevention and liquidation of environmental pollution, monitoring
B revision of National S&t priorities and Critical technologies; Figure 3 The general scheme of the structure of projects interrelation VOL. 15 NO. 1 2013 jforesight jpage 49 B design of large-scale innovation projects;
revision of National S&t priorities and Critical technologies: design of large-scale innovation projects identification of research projects to be funded within federal and sectoral goal-oriented S&t programmes designing sectoral strategies for industries regional priorities for innovation development priorities
Sokolov, A. 2008b),‘Russian critical technologies 2015'',Collection of EFMN Briefs, Part 1, Directorate-General for Research Co-operation, European commission, Brussels. Sokolov, A. 2009),‘The future
Also, China has used the result of foresight for selection of their critical technologies. Even in some small countries in Europe like Austria
Use global S&t resources to develop critical technologies; provide a platform for international cooperation State Engineering Technology research Centers Provide technologies
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