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voluntary negotiated agreements in major policy areas giving rise to foresight and a revisit to roadmapping and TA and the role and management of experts.
and stressed the interdependenciie with other policy areas and other innovation actors. Finally and most recently, several projects have been conducted in the Austrian context, dealing with strategy development for research,
The programme and its strategies are coordinated with general national energy polices and often also with other policy areas;
Initiatives in this urban policy area were expected to contribute to enhancing the competitiveness of firms in the city,
The relevance and crosscutting nature for many other policy areas became apparent and contributed to raising the awareness of science,
Identifyingnew'actors is less the key point than integrating the known actors (e g. from neighbouring policy areas) into the debates about research and innovation.
and innovation policy to the forefront of policy attention and that brought together representatives from most relevant policy areas.
and innovation policy from other policy areas such as social or employment policies where the Open Method of Coordination has been applied earlier on in Europe. 3. 1. Governance arenas in European research
or define a policy area and determine a vision Test policy options Monitor policy Source: Adapted from Bhimji (2009) PAGE 300 jforesight jvol. 14 NO. 4 2012 bring the benefits of realising that there are more variations than originally thought of
or define a policy area and determine visions Test policy options Monitor policy 1. Understand the varied expertise
Twelve roundtable discussions were facilitated with senior representation from a cross-section of policy areas, mainly from government ministries and agencies (approximately 90 participants in total.
Denmark was not among the first countries to adopt foresight and similar systematic processes in policy making in science, technology and innovation policies or other policy areas.
The Globalisation Strategy aimed at a very broad range of policy areas. This strategy provided political impetus for the Research2015 project,
The same is true with respect to the horizontal coordination between research and other policy areas. Both struggle with temporal coordination of policies 8. Therefore, to enable an appropriate design, implementation and management of an international foresight exercise
Horizon scanning on the national level, across all policy areas (including S&t opportunities) is a receen development
but it also requires a policy that transcends several policy areas and the borders of countries.
In fact many of the issues identified in our research relate to policy areas which are not specific to the R&d agenda,
However, the above finding raises the question of the appropriateness of carrying out a FTA on such a diverse sector with a specific policy area like R&d in mind.
and the wide range of policy areas that are involved. Nevertheless, FTA could also play other potential roles in the new instruments dealing with grand challenges through better exploitation of its structuring and capacity-building roles
In many policy areas, both public and private sector, a strategic perspective on decisionmakkin is necessary
between national research systems, horizonttall between disciplines and policy areas, vertically across governance levels (from local to global)
2. 2. 3 Horizontal co-ordination between research and other policy areas. Ko nno la et al.
and innovation processes can be facilitated by horizontal co-ordination between research and other policy areas (such as competition, regional, financial, employment and education policies).
Co-ordination-oriented research and innovation policy differs from other policy areas because it has to account for an especially cumbersome context and sector-specific differences.
innovation and other policy areas (such as competition, regional, financial, employment and education policies) Another organisation deals with international activities Problems with aligning financial resources and budget
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