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facilitating the participation of civil society in the policy-making process, thereby improving its transparency and legitimacy. Supporting policy definition:
or if relevant specifics of the policy-making process have not been taken into account. The distinction between scenarios as products and scenarios as processes is relevant in this context.
and Section 6 synthesizes implications for the future development of the evaluative scenario literature. 2. Functions of scenario planning in the policy-making process The scenario planning literature highlights a wide range of decision support functions 8,
This concept breaks the policy-making process down into several phases: 1. Policy issue identification, i e. to recognize that there is a problem;
Hard links relate to institutional links and formal, discrete inputs to the policy-making process. Ministries can be obliged by regulation, cabinet decision or voluntary agreement, for example,
and discussion on the possible advantages of the proposed framework for the characterisation of foresight projects as contribution to the policy-making process. 2. Characteristics of foresight projects To understand the impacts of foresight in the system,
The outcomes of consensual and instrumental technology foresight activities in Asian countries such as Japan, Korea and China have played increasingly important role in the policy-making process for science & technology and innovation.
if they are fully in step with the policy-making process, in terms of their timing, cultural compatibility and usability.
it is important that FTA practitioners understand the policy-making process. This could be achieved by adapting and fine-tuning FTA ACTIVITIES to fit particular context and clients.
The challenge remains to have FTA ACTIVITIES more closely integrated within the policy-making process. However, influencing policy-making
The overall objective of the FTA had been to provide the policy-making process with strategic intelligence by taking a prospective view towards the evolution of ICT and
but also the policy-making process could benefit from the use ofsystemic instruments'(Smits and Kuhlmann 2004:
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