policy measure

Policy measure

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In other words, AF should be interpreted as part of a broader continuous learning process that comprises the implementation and evaluation of specific policy measures as well as a monitoring of relevant developments in policy at large.

and are meanwhile also obligatory in the European union 5 and some other industrialised countries prior to the final release of new policy measures,

In the following Sixth Japanese and Second German Delphi studies 45,46, all obstacle categories were changed into policy measures

but also as one possible policy measure. However, the role of regulatory frameworks for the realisation of progress in future sciences and technologies compared to other types of obstacles is limited rather.

already published in 2001, with regard to their expected time of realisation, their importance, the effectiveness of policy measures, like R&d support,

which are characterised by a high relevance of regulations as obstacles or as required policy measure. Based on this information

3. Policy measure development, i e. to check for the strengths and weaknesses of different problem-solving strategies, make a final selection

4. Policy measure implementation, i e. to put the measure into practical action; 5. Policy measure effectiveness assessment or policy termination,

i e. to identify the effects of the policy measure and evaluate to which degree they deliver according to their objective,

and, if necessary, redesign or terminate the measure, which would start a new cycle. 3 The European Environment Agency is a specialised agency of the European union with the prime task of providing targeted, timely, relevant and reliable data and information on the state and prospects of Europe's environment.

and vision for municipal RTI policiie by both identifying areas for action and implementing adequate policy measures until the year 2015.

and objectives for optimising the process of research and innovation with the help of RTI policy measures as available to the City of Vienna and embedded in the other policy levels (national and European) exerting an influence on the research and innovation scene

the panels also presented their thoughts as to how the focus areas might be developed best through R&i policy measures or other actions.

In Europe where efforts have focused on increasing the public and private spend on R&d and Innovation, the extent of policy measures,

foresight results have been used for the implementation of policy measures (Aichholzer, 2001. Competitive intelligence is a systematic way to collect

due to the fact that the project did not lead to direct policy measures. The paper by Calof and Smith contributes to the definition of successful foresight studies by identifyiin a set of critical success factors for governmentlle foresight

as it did not lead to direct policy measures, nevertheless, it confirmed some issues of major importance to the various stakeholders.

and may therefore requuir policy measures or could at least have policy implications. In order to reach our objective we made use of another workshop,

It is therefore no surprise that the FTA policy impact was limited rather in the sense that it did not lead to any direct policy measures or specific initiatives.

Even if a policy measure is successful from a microecconomi point of view, it still remains an open question whether or not this policy measure is also relevant in macroeconomic terms.

In the case of the CTI policy investigated in this paper, it is questionabbl if an amount of about CHF60 million in 2004 (meanwhile CHF100 150 million of additional R&d support per annum) could have a discernible impact on an economy that invested about CHF19 billion in R&d in 2004.

where individuals are treated'via a concrete policy measure. It is used here analogously for firms subsidized by the CTI. 5. See Heckman et al.

and the interpretation of the resultiin clusters as an important step towards the coordinated development of joint policy measures.

force government to take up new measures in other modes of governance for instance policy measures to incentivise research

strengthened global position in Europe'(Urban Europe, 2011) Determine specific research needs and roadmaps, short-and long-term policy measures,

scenarrio for long-term urban developments, an improved understanding of future trends and research needs, first concepts and recommendations for policy measures, a strengthening of the European research and innovation communities,

and the interpretation of resulting clusters as an important step towards the coordinated development of joint policy measures.

by doing so, foster the development of joint policy measures without necessitating potentially time-consuming and cumbersame changes in existing organizational structures and practices (Anderson 2005).