if too harsh requirements to build on well established scientific results are imposed on foresight At the stage of impressionist knowledge,
and how these issues are regarded by the end-users of research results (e g.,, industrial firms. Taken together, these features of structured consultation contribute to a closer alignment between the priorities (as conveyed by calls for proposals) and the interests and competencies of the RTD community.
4. The result of the research programme can be accessed at the following website: http://www. innovationspolitik-wien. at References Carlsson, B.,L. Elg,
http://www. wiendenktzukunft. at/downloads/strategie english. pdf The results of the research programme‘Systems Research in the Urban area'can be found at:
The generation of socio-technical scenarios in a stakeholder dialogue may well create a more reliable ground for transferring research results into successful nano-innovations.
and reshaped by research results, findings in other technical fields, or external forces. In general, expectations mould variation processes
, scientific results, a collaboration between companies), which will evoke new, often more specific, expectations and agenda building. 4 We distinguish various interrelated levels where variation
These scientific results solved the problem of deposition of the nanotubes onto a substrate. The scientific results,
as mentioned above, reinforced the expectations that nonvolatile memories could be produced. This can be shown by a statement of Ball 27 in an article where he discusses these results:
however these expectations are expressed 2 years later, after the new scientific results, which were obtained in the meantime. At the market side, other dynamics are present.
Accumulation of research results (for instance, straight growth and precise deposition of nanotubes) solves the hurdles that before hindered promising applications to become reality.
basic scientific results at the level of the research groups can influence the level of the technological field,
Many of the developments called dnanotechnologyt are scientific findings and curiosities rather than R&d results close to a technological application.
and B the challenge has potential for a set of research implications or the potential for applications of research results.
and technology and to enable smaller Irish companies to absorb and then exploit research results? Gain a broader understanding of creativity and innovation and their role in the application of research within enterprises and more broadly across society Establish better ways of judging
B possible time periods for obtaining R&d results, their commercial use and expected outcomes; and B measures to support R&d and their commercialisation for all major S&t areas.
Therefore, regional characteristics may bias the results of the research. This kind of bias may be compensated for by including opinions from other regions such as Europe or America.
FTA EXPERTS and other policy analysts, nonetheless, aim at distilling scientific results from FTA projects and publish them in journals or books.
and the aim of universities to transfer research results to the market on the other side.
transferring research results to industry, providing S&t policy advice, and linking China into the international S&t community.
5. Optimum dissemination and use of research results; 6. Protection, management and sharing of intellectual property rights. 9. One example refers to the KICS.
This paper presents innovation policy roadmapping (IPRM) as a methodologgica framework for linking R&d results to systemic policy contexts and to forward-looking policy design.
Facilitating commercialization of research results TECHNOLOGIES: Public funding for research and technology development; Technology validation; Verification of environmental impacts SOLUTIONS:
At the level of products and solutions, the support for collaborative R&d and facilitation of commercialization of research results were assessed as the main innovation policy practices.
sharing of research results), thus also increasing trust. Participation in the context of aligning research systems may also relate to sharing research results. 3. 2. 2 Vertical co-ordination.
Foresight may enhance vertical co-ordination by taking stock of previous anticipattor studies and existing visions for the future at regional, national and transnational level.
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