isolated from innovation processes Reformed universities actively participate in these co-operations Multi-disciplinary research A widely used practice,
the full potential of multi-disciplinary research is exploited not Awidely used practice at universities across the EU;
the ones located in laggard regions seek partners in the advanced regions (not paying attention to the cohesion needs of their own home region) Multi-disciplinary research A more widely used practice,
the full potential of multi-disciplinary research is exploited not Multi-disciplinary research is pursued in a limited sense:
characterised by discipline-oriented basic science in universities, to a new form (Mode 2), characterised by problem-driven, application-oriented and trans-disciplinary research taking place partly outside universities
creativity and cross-disciplinary research needed to tackle grand challenges, although this may be true to different degrees across the different research themes.
while the European Science Foundation (ESF) created a programme of Forward Looks in 2000 as an instrument for developing medium term perspectives on future directions of multi-disciplinary research in Europe. 4 In national settings,
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