according to visions of sustainable development, developed in a participatory foresight process. We, therefore, see adaptive planning as a way to overcome this lack of realism in much foresight work
and to move beyond collective and participatory foresight processes by also considering targeted and closed process elements in order to bring foresight fully to bear on decision-making. 3. 2. Principles
we argue that it is necessary to set up policy-preparing exercises that are of a rather closed nature as a complementary element to public and participatory foresight exercises.
the suggestion of launching a participatory foresight process as part of the research programme was rejected by the representatives of the City of Vienna in the management team of the programme.
when the decision was taken to launch a participatory foresight and strategy process. To conclude, it is certainly true that the foresight
and final outcomes 8. The systemic understanding of innovation processes has challenged conventional technology driven forecasting practices and called for new participatory foresight approaches that address also the consideration of diverse perspectives, formation
of knowledge management in participatory foresight: the case of‘Future',Seville, First International EU US Seville Seminar on Future-oriented technology analysis, 2004 (available at http://forera. jrc. ec. europa. eu/fta/papers
Participatory foresight creates wider awareness on the programme and prepares stakeholders to participate in other functions.
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