Synopsis:
Time & dates: Dates: Years: 1982:
ART13.pdf
Dosi, 1982, p 152) In their paper investigating the airplane construction regime, Nelson andwinter 35 argued that
Policy, 11 (3)( 1982) 147 162.35 R. R. Nelson, S g. Winter, In search of useful theory of innovation, Res.
ART19.pdf
a tool for situational analysis, J. Long Range Plann. 15 (2)( 1982) 12 14.33 M. Reunanen, Potential problem analysis, in:
ART2.pdf
Heuristics and Biases, Cambridge university Press, 1982. Theodore J. Gordon is Senior Fellow and cofounder of the Millennium Project of the American Council for the United nations University.
ART23.pdf
1978 95, Futures 14 (3)( 1982) 205 239 June 13 D. Loveridge, Foresight seven paradoxes, International Journal of Technology management 21 (7/8
ART24.pdf
Policy 11 (3)( 1982) 147 162.20 R. R. Nelson, S g. Winter, In search of useful theory of innovation, Res.
ART29.pdf
and P. Rabinow. 1982. The subject and power. In Michel Foucault: beyond structuralism and hermeneutics, 208 26.
ART49.pdf
i e. they are adopted in search for prerequisites for preferred futures (Robinson, 1982); and 2. growing interest towards backcasting scenarios had been shown in Finland,
Robinson, J. 1982),‘Energy backcasting: a proposed method of policy analysis'',Energy Policy, Vol. 10 No. 4, pp. 337-44.
ART65.pdf
Dosi 1982; Perez 1985; Garud and Rappa 1994; Bowker and Star 1999; Geels 2005. It is,
and access to the telex network has already been discussed in the first GSM plenary meeting in Stockholm in 1982 (CEPT-CCH-GSM 1982).
CEPT-CCH-GSM. 1982. Report from meeting no. 1. T/CCH (83)/ 9 GSM Doc 32/83.
Dosi, G. 1982. Technical paradigms and technological trajectories a suggested interpretation of the determinants and directions of technological change.
ART66.pdf
Cooke (1991), Lipinski and Loveridge (1982) and Amara and Lipinski (1983) have described all similar processes for elicitiin expert (subjective opinion from either individuals or small groups.
the individual probability distributions can be joined (there are technical difficulties) using the procedure set out by Lipinski and Loveridge (1982).
and Loveridge 1982) as it can only be summarised here. In 1977 1978, the Institute for the Future (IFTF) carried out a study of the future of the UK,
and Loveridge (1982)) that permitted an understanding of their level of expertise. The headings of the self-assessment criteria were:(
Verbal equivalents to different probability levels (Alpert and Raiffa 1982) were used during this part of the elicitation to seed the interviewee's thinking processes.
and H. Raiffa. 1982. A progress report on the training of probability assessors. In Judgment under uncertainty, heuristics and biases, ed. D. Kahneman, P. Slovic and A. Taversky, 294 306.
and D. Loveridge. 1982. How we forecast: The Institute for the Future's study of the UK:
ART67.pdf
Expectations thus reduce uncertainty in much the same way as heuristics do in research and development (Nelson andwinter 1982.
Rosenberg (1982) argues that expectations about rapid technologicca development may inhibit the development: when potential customers believe that, within the next few months,
of variation and selection (Nelson and Winter 1982. New technological options, as variations within a selection environment may
. and S g. Winter. 1982. An evolutionary theory of economic change. Cambridge, MA: Harvard university Press. Porter, A. 2004.
Rosenberg, N. 1982. On technological expectations. In Inside the black box: Technology and economics, ed. N. Rosenberg, 104 19.
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Hambrick 1982) and to investigate their likely evolution and impact on the organisation (foresight techniques:
Hambrick, D c. 1982. Environmental scanning and organizational strategy. Strategic management Journal 3, no. 2: 159 74. Hamel, G. 2000.
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A2 h i ð2þ 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985
Science.PublicPolicyVol39\12. National, sectoral and technological innovation systems.pdf
and 1982 as milestones. 1945 was the year when Japan returned Taiwan to the Republic of china (ROC).
The Taiwanese government announced its first biotechnology policy, the‘Eight Key Industries'in 1982. After 1982, Taiwan started to have a biotechnology policy.
We discuss the evolution of the pharmaceutical biotechnology innovation system in Section 3. 1 and the evolution of the agricultural biotechnology innovation system in Section 3. 2. 3. 1 The evolution of the Taiwanese pharmaceutical biotechnology innovation system
In 1982, to fit the new‘Good Manufacturing Practice'regulations announced by the government, the manufacturing facilities of local SMES were upgraded (Zheng 2001:
which was the first biotechnology policy announced in 1982, should be regarded as an important milestone in the change of policies.
Before 1982, the main purpose of policies was to encourage and to control the manufacturing activities of the pharmaceutical sector.
After 1982 as policies graduaall turned to encouraging innovation in the pharmaceuticca sector, R&d policies became more and more significant.
The Good Manufacturing Practice regulations were launched in 1982 to force the local SMES to upgrade their manufacturing capabilities.
did the policy objectives of the agricultuura policies turned to upgrading the farmers'living standards (Chang 1982:
when the first biotechnology policy, the Eight Key Industries, was announced in 1982, agricultural biotechnology was recognized not as a part of the development of biotechnologgy Indeed,
Chang, Y.-T. 1982) The Development of Agricultural Companies(.Taipei: Linking(.280. C.-C. Chung CLA.
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