Synopsis:
Time & dates: Dates: Years: 1998:
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In a survey conducted in 1998 among companies of 12 manufacturing sectors in Germany, Austria and Switzerland, 2 Nevertheless,
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Policy 27 (8)( 1998) 793 805.35 A j. Salter, B. R. Martin, The economic benefits of publicly funded basic research:
Policy 27 (6)( 1998) 569 588.46 K. Aiginger, Copying the US or developing a New European Model policy strategies of successful European countries in the nineties, paper presented at the UN
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Change 59 (2)( 1998) 111 130.64 A. Fink, O. Schlake, A. Siebe, Erfolg durch Szenario-Management:
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Economy, Society and Culture, vol. III, Blackwell, Cambridge, MA, 1998. Torsti Loikkanen is a Senior Research scientist
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textbooks on strategy (Grant 1998; Johnson and Scholes 2002. Based on this strategy discipline quite a fewbooks
A similar evolution has happened in the field of strategy (Mintzberg, Ahlstrand, and Lampel 1998. Some authors have suggested that foresight has emerged from the convergence of the three disciplines and practices of policy development, strategic planning and futures studies (Gavigan et al. 2001),
Mintzberg and colleagues describe 10 schools of thought in strategy formation (Mintzberg, Ahlstrand, and Lampel 1998.
and Lampel 1998), the premises of foresight are as follows: Foresight is about priority-setting and there exists identifiable positions for research activities.
Mintzberg and colleagues label this‘strategy formulation as a process of negotiation'(Mintzberg, Ahlstrand, and Lampel 1998.
From the beginning of the process it was clear for many of those involved that the Strategy plan would be simpler than the previous 5-year plan (1998 2002),
Grant, R. M. 1998. Contemporary strategy analysis, 3rd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. IEA. 1999. Review of Denmark's energy research programme 1992 1997.
and J. Lampel. 1998. Strategy Safari: a guided tour through the wilds of strategic management. Newyork:
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but helps identifying power structures related to government (Stoker 1998). However, since foresight methods and practices are always part of an organisational setting, local, sectorial, regional or otherwise,
See also Flyvbjerg (1998. Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:10 03 december 2014 984 S. Jenssen 22.
On communicative ethics, see Habermas (1998. 23. According tovoß and Kemp (2006,4) reflexive governance‘refers to the problem of shaping societal development in the light of the reflexivity of steering strategies the phenomenon that thinking
985 Flyvbjerg, B. 1998. Rationality and power: Democracy in practice. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Fombrun, C. 1996.
Habermas, J. 1998. The inclusion of the other: studies in political theory, ed. C. Cronin, and P. De Greiff.
Stoker, G. 1998. Governance as theory: five propositions. International Social science Journal 50, no. 155: 17 28.
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**Nano-surfaces & rare-earth materials 0 50 100 150 200 250 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 nano-combo methanol stuff Map:
CHANAUD P Badwal AHMED K 012345678 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Company Patenting Trend Who uses their patents?
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The European union had approved a number of GM crops until late 1998, but growing public concern over their supposed environmental and health risks led several EU countries to demand the moratorium.
The high growth rate which characterises the field (the number of scientific publication has grown from 134%between 1998 and 2006) 46.
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In the simplest form, for example the US Critical technologies Program which ran from 1989 to 1998,
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1998 2002) a specific programme for research on a"User-friendly information society"."Today, with the i2010 policy framework, the EU aims to"promote the positive contribution that information
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Cursed Prophetess, 1998, accessed at http://www. arthistory. sbc. edu/imageswomen/papers/fittoncassandra/intro. html. 2 For example V. van Rij, Joint horizon scanning:
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and‘‘uncertainty'',referring to a more genuine lack of systematic understanding of causal relations (Knight 1921, see also Runde 1998).
Runde, J. 1998),‘Clarifying Frank Knight's discussion of the meaning of risk and uncertainty'',Cambridge Journal of Economics, Vol. 22, pp. 539-46.
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including Prigogine and Stengers (1984), Byrne (1998) Mitchell (2009), Goodwin (1994), Strogatz (2003), and Waldrop (1992),
Byrne, D. 1998), Complexity theory and the Social sciences: An Introduction, Routledge, New york, NY. Gheorghiou, L.,Cassingena Harper, J.,Keenan, M. and Miles,
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The second level refers to a 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
In 1998 Cees Dekker's group 31 at the Delft University of Technology (Netherlands) turned a nanotube into a transistor (the basic building block of computer chips.
Cees Dekker's group at Delft University, showed in 1998 31 that a single semiconductor nanotube could be turned into a transistor.
Human Choice and Climate change, vol. 2, Batelle Press, Columbus, 1998, pp. 327 399.8 M. C. Roco, Nanoparticles and nanotechnology research, Journal of Nanoparticle Research
From rhetorics to social reality, Social Studies of Science 2 (1998) 221 254.10 H. Van Lente.
Kim, C. M. Lieber, Atomic structure and electronic properties of single-walled nanotubes, Nature 391 (1998) 62 64.18 Nantero, Nantero, Inc. announces collaboration
transistor based on a single carbon nanotube, Nature 393 (1998) 49 52.32 A. Rip, T. J. Misa, T. J.,J. Schot, Managing Technology
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Meadows, 1998) is established to assess the potential impact of each future scenario on urban development patterns (see Table I). A base-line scenario (2010) is estimated,
Meadows, D. 1998), Indicators and Information systems for Sustainable development, The Sustainability Institute, Balaton Group, Montpelier, VT.
He was a Senior Manager of Strategic Services at Andersen consulting (1988-1998) and a Senior Partner at Gu ell & Partners Consulting (1998-2005.
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To our knowledge, the term dscience roadmapt has been proposed first by Robert Galvin in a 1998 article in Science 9. Kostoff and Schaller without any explicit justification dreinteggrated both types.
Change 71 (1 2)( 2004) 1 3. 9 R. Galvin, Science roadmaps, Science 280 (5365)( 1998) 803.10 A. Grunwald, Technikfolgenabscha tzung eine
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which aims to create transformative spaces for the creation of alternative futures (Inayatullah 1998). 3 Other examples are immersive decision theatres (offering a virtual environment facility to visualise output of predictive and scenario-based models with the aim to support decision-making (Edsall and Larson
Inayatullah (1998) argues that, ‘the challenge is to conduct research that moves up and down the layers of analysis
Inayatullah, S. 1998. Causal layered analysis: Poststructuralism as method. Futures 30, no. 8: 815 29.
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In practice, we create imaginations (Rubin 1998; Miller 2007) and expectations (Borup et al. 2006) that provide us temporary stepping stones on the way ahead.
Constant 1987) and with specialised systems of knowledge and meaning (Polanyi 1998; Knorr Cetina 1999.
the speculative profit opportunities of Knight or the idiosyncratic individual interests of Hayek and the more collective tacit understandings of progress highlighted by Polanyi (Mirowski 1998;
Mirowski, P. 1998. Economics, science, and knowledge: Polanyi vs. Hayek. Tradition & Discovery, The Polanyi Society Periodical XXV, no. 1: 29 42.
Polanyi, M. 1998. Personal knowledge: Towards a post-critical philosophy. London: Routledge. Poli, R. 2010.
Rubin, A. 1998. Giving images a chance: Images of the future as a tool for sociology.
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Second, expectations provide direction to the search processes of science and technology (Rip and Kemp 1998.
instead of new coalitions, old partisan oppositions tend to be reproduced (Rip and Talma 1998. The second lesson is that statements about futures are not innocent descriptions
. and T. Pinch. 1998. The golem at large: What you should know about technology. Cambridge: Cambridge university Press.
and R. Kemp. 1998. Technological change. In Human choice and climate change, ed. S. Rayner and E. L. Malone, 327 99.
and S. Talma. 1998. Antagonistic patterns and new technologies. In Getting new technologies together, ed. C. Disco and B. J. R. Van der meulen, 285 306.
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and today are referred commonly to as the business macro environment (Fahey and Randall 1998). Strategic foresight:
but rather credible and coherent stories that describe different paths leading to alternative futures (Fahey and Randall 1998;
. and R. Randall. 1998. Learning from the future. Newyork: Wiley. Glenn, J. C.,ed. 1999.
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this differs from the triplebotttomline approach (Elkington 1998.**Corresponding author. Email: cristianocagnin@gmail. com ISSN 0953-7325 print/ISSN 1465-3990 online 2012 Taylor & francis http://dx. doi. org/10.1080/09537325.2012.715488 http
Chehebe (1998), ISO (2012), D'Avignon (1996), Cajazeira (1997), Donaire (1999), Maimon (1999), Accountability (1999), BSI (2003.
Maturana 1998. 3. 2. Basis for the management framework and roles that FTA can play The proposed management framework aims to support the achievement of a business with aligned socioeconomic environmental performance across its network that helps firms develop a participaativ process throughout to shape a common vision of sustainable development
Maturana 1998; Cagnin 2005) between actors need to be reinforced to allow the coordination and mobilisation of necessary skills and resources towards a common target, aligning therefore strategy and operations across the system.
Sympoiesis (Dempster 1998) attempts to describe the boundaryless nature of system behaviour (more will be said about sympoiiesi later)
Dempster (1998) coined the expression sympoietic systems, indicating three main differences, related to key system characteristics between autopoiesis and sympoiesis:
Maturana 1998; Losada 1999,2001; Fredrickson and Losada 2005) is crucial for choosing a sustainable path to life
the emotions of individuals build their rationality (Damasio 1996) and their human actions (Maturana 1998. Basic emotions are thus the basis of the operationalisation of living organisms,
Chehebe, J. R. 1998. Análise do Ciclo de Vida de Produtos: Ferramenta Gerencial da ISO 140000.
Dempster, B. 1998. A self-organizing systems perspective on planning for sustainability. B. Sc. Thesis, University of British columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Occupational Hazards 59, no. 6: 41 4. Elkington, J. 1998. Cannibals with forks: The triple bottom line of 21st century business.
Maturama, H r. 1998. Da Biologia à Psicologia. 3a ed.,Porto Alegre: Editora Artes Médicas. Maturana, H r,
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Sci. 16 (4)( 1998) 322 346.8 K. W. Boyack, K. Bfrner, Indicator-assisted evaluation and funding of research:
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1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Online at, http://www. nngroup. com/reports/life cycle of tech. html 1998. Table 5 TLC stages of NBS. 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 lb 1 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
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Res. 109 (1998) 428 441.35 J. W. G. M. van der Pas, J. H. Kwakkel, B. Van Wee, Evaluating Adaptive Policymaking using expert opinions, Technol.
1998) 769 805.58 A. Ben-Tal, A. Nemirovski, Robust solutions of linear programming problems contaminated with uncertain data, Math.
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Sci. 44 (1998) 820 830.15 J. H. Kwakkel, The Treatment of Uncertainty in Airport Strategic planning, Faculty of technology, Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2010.16
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This started in 1998 when the National science and Technology Council (NSTC), the principal executive body responsible for coordinating science and technology policy,
From1988 to 1998, the technology field wasmonitored by analyzing the literature, visiting conferences and other relevant actors internationally, organizing expert panels on different aspects of nanotechnology,
In 1998 these early monitoring and forecasting activities were followed by an initiative of the BMBF to establish the first six national nanotechnology competence centers with annual funding.
Innovationsschub aus dem Nanokosmos, VDI Technologiezentrum, Düsseldorf, 1998, p. 220.7 J. Youtie, P. Shapira, A. Porter, Nanotechnology publications and citations by leading countries
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In 1998, the Danish Board of Technology established an independent working group to analyse and assess the feasibility of a technology foresight programme in Denmark.
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European Management Journal 16 (1998) 517 528.33 A. Neely, C. Adams, M. Kennerly, The Performance Prism:
from tableaux de bord to balanced scorecard, European Management Journal 16 (1998) 190 203.70 B. J. Witcher, V. S. Chau, Balanced scorecard
Science.PublicPolicyVol37\2. Joint horizon scanning.pdf
such as the Department for Environment, Food and Rural affairs (DEFRA) in the UK (DEFRA, 2006), the Ministry of Economic Affairs of The netherlands (Ministerie van Economische Zaken, 1998), The french Department of Transport
Ministerie van Economische Zaken 1998. Available from<http://www. rand. org/pubs/rand europe/2008/RE98004. 1. pdf>,last accessed 1 june 2009.
Science.PublicPolicyVol37\5. Future technology analysis for biosecurity and emerging infectious diseases in Asia-Pacific.pdf
A major activity has been his association with the APEC Center for Technology foresight since its inception in 1998.
Science.PublicPolicyVol37\6. User-driven innovation.pdf
it usually goes wrong from the beginniin (Khurana and Rosenthal, 1998), user involvement is limited too often to just one
Khurana, A and S R Rosenthal 1998. Toward holistic‘front end'in new product development. Journal of Product innovation Managemment 15 (1), 57 74.
Science.PublicPolicyVol37\7. Impact of Swiss technology policy on firm innovation performance.pdf
b) matched-pair analysis Change in CIMT intensity (1992 1998:++for firms with less than 200 employees+for firms with low intensity of CIMT use Görg andstrobl (2007), Ireland R&d grants from (Industrial Development Agency (IDA) Ireland and Forbairt
1998) developed a methodology to approximate this non-observable(‘counterfactual')state of a certain firm with the observable same state of another firm which is‘structurally similar'to the first one according to a series of firm characteriistic formally defined by a vector
Heckman, J, H Ichimura, J Smith, J. and P Todd 1998. Characterizzin selection bias using experimental data.
Science.PublicPolicyVol39\11. Head in the clouds and feet on the ground.pdf
Technology and Education of the State Council, created in 1998, and currently chaired by Prime minister Wen Jiabao.
7 Similarly, the purpose of the 985 Program, established in 1998, is to strengthen China's higher education system by funding around 40 universities out of a total of around 2, 000 regular institutions of higher education in China (Marginson 2006).
The Knowledge Innovation Program (KIP) launched in 1998 by the CAS is expected to result in a select group of research institutes
Science.PublicPolicyVol39\12. National, sectoral and technological innovation systems.pdf
Jacobsson and Bergek (1998) concluded that national institutions, especiaall government policies, do influence the performance of a nation's technological innovation system.
Only after 1998 did the government start to recognize Chinese herbal medicines as the backbone of the pharmaceutical sector.
the R&d funding for modern agricultural biotechnology was decreased even slightly (Wong 1998: 115), and at the same time, the Farmers'Insurance was launched (CLA 2010.
Jacobsson, S. and Bergek, A. 1998)‘ Transforming the energy sector: the evolution of technological systems in renewable energy technology',Industrial and Corporate Change, 13: 815 49.
Wong, J.-W. 1998)‘ The relationship between bureaucratic organizzatio and agricultural innovation: Taking Agricultural Experiment Station as example'(:
Science.PublicPolicyVol39\3. Coping with a fast-changing world.pdf
particularly as concerns the recognition of interconnections among the signals or the derivation of their policy implications (Dervin 1998).
Dervin, B. 1998)‘ Sense-making theory and practice: An overview of user interests in knowledge seeking and use',Journal of Knowledge management, 2: 36 46.
Science.PublicPolicyVol39\4. Orienting international science cooperation to meet global ‘grand challenges’.pdf
which has been popularised in several publications (Schwartz 1998; Ogilvy and Schwartz 1998. The first step involved developing plausible forecasts for each of the 13 key drivers.
Draft forecasts were prepared by the ICSU Secretariat with inputs from the Task Team. A two-day scenario workshop involving the Task Team was held in April 2010
Ogilvy, J. and Schwartz, P. 1998)‘ Plotting your scenarios'.'In: Fahey, L. and Randell, R. eds) Learning from the future.
Schwartz, P. 1998) The Art of the Long View: Planning for the Future in an Uncertain World.
Science.PublicPolicyVol39\8. Facing the future - Scanning, synthesizing and sense-making in horizon scanning.pdf
what signals are‘relevant'the collective sense-making processes coupled with the interpretation of signals have received less attention, particularly with regard to the recognition of interconnections among the signals or the derivation of their policy implications (Dervin 1998).
Especially in the case of weak signals and wild cards, sense-making builds on the scanners'creative and heuristic capabilities to detect meaningful observations in the presence of scattered or no historical evidence (Dervin 1998.
Dervin, B. 1998)‘ Sense-making theory and practice: An overview of user interests in knowledge seeking and use',Journal of Knowledge management, 2: 36 46.
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