1992

1930 (8)
1940 (4)
1950 (9)
1960 (21)
1970 (39)
1980 (78)
1981 (7)
1982 (41)
1983 (29)
1984 (25)
1985 (40)
1986 (30)
1987 (34)
1988 (24)
1989 (33)
1990 (128)
1991 (65)
1992 (45)
1993 (54)
1994 (51)
1995 (71)
1996 (72)
1997 (97)
1998 (113)
1999 (137)
2000 (218)
2001 (211)
2002 (269)
2003 (260)
2004 (370)
2005 (403)
2006 (427)
2007 (383)
2008 (725)
2009 (519)
2010 (499)
2011 (481)
2012 (310)
2013 (185)
2014 (345)
2015 (41)
2016 (17)
2017 (6)
2020 (109)
2021 (4)
2025 (68)
2030 (38)
2050 (27)
Year (549)

Ahti Salo (M. Sc. 1987, D. Tech. 1992) is Professor at the Systems analysis Laboratory with research interests in decision analysis, decision support systems, technology foresight, and risk management.

Technological change and Company Strategies, Academic Press, London, 1992, pp. 72 102.46 A. Rip, R. Kemp, Technological change, in:

Stud. 26 (5)( 1992) 469 483.14 N. P. Suh, Axiomatic design of mechanical systems, J. Mech.

Risk analysis of Technological Systems, Geneva, Switzerland, 1995.21 Center for Chemical process Safety (CCPS), Guidelines for Hazard Evaluation Procedures, 2nd Ed. AICHE, New york, USA, 1992

Change 42 (1992) 1 15.5 Daniel Kahneman, Slovic Paul, Tversky Amos (Eds. Judgment Under Uncertainty:

which interact in the production, diffusion and use of new and economically useful knowleddge (Lundvall 1992).

Review of Denmark's energy research programme 1992 1997. Copenhagen: Danish energy Agency. Johnson, A, . and S. Jacobsson. 2001.

Lundvall, B.-Å..1992. National systems of innovation. Towards a theory of innovation and interactive learning. London: Pinter. March, J. G. 1988.

**Nano-surfaces & rare-earth materials 0 50 100 150 200 250 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 nano-combo methanol stuff Map:

CHANAUD P Badwal AHMED K 012345678 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Company Patenting Trend Who uses their patents?

and Development in 1992 23 by representatives of 179 countries) and is at the heart of the quest for new forms of global governance. 5. Corporate industrial activity

and Waldrop (1992), but like any developing area there are many common themes. This paper will explore some selected elements of complexity theory and their implications for foresight techniques,

Waldrop, M. 1992), Complexity, The Emerging science at the Edge of Order and Chaos, Simon & Schuster, New york, NY.

The second level refers to a 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

this concept has gained universal acceptance by the general public, socioeconomic agents and politicians (United nations, 1992;

United nations (1992),‘Agenda 21 Report'',United nations Conference on Environment and Development, 3-14 june, Ri'o de Janeiro. van der Heijden, K. 1996), Scenarios:

Bell 1876) As Fischer (1992) has documented in detail, for many decades after the telephone was invented, itwas marketed mainly for business use.

In its present form, SMS emerged only after 1992 when Nokia introduced the first SMS-capable phone. 4. Leont'ev's activity theory was based on Vygotsky's theories on cultural historical development (Luria and Vygotsky 1992).

A similar three-level structure emerges when we analyse the communicative meaning of sentences. We cannot derive the communicative meaning of a sentence by adding up word definitions,

Fischer, C. S. 1992. America calling: A social history of telephone to 1940. Berkeley, CA:

. and L. Vygotsky. 1992. Ape, primitive man, and child: Essays in the history of behavior.

and Stein (1992) shows that investors tend to use the speculatiiv information that others use as well;

and J. C. Stein. 1992. Herd on the street: Informational inefficiencies in a market with short-term speculation.

and how these generally relate to the PDCA (plan do check act) cycle (Campos 1992;

A Realist Approach, Routledge, London, 1992. orig. 1984. 58 A. Baban, Reconceptualisation of the division between quantitative and qualitative researchmethods, cognition, brain, behavior, Interdiscip.

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Table 5 TLC stages of NBS. 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 lb 1 1

Market Manage. 21 (1)( 1992) 23 31.36 E. Hajime, The suitability of technology forecasting/foresight methods for decision systems and strategy:

critical success factors for the 1990's, R&d Manag. 22 (3)( 1992) 221 239.11 W c. Kim, R. Mauborgne, Strategy, value innovation,

Closely related to the social shaping perspective is the social construction of technology (SCOT) approoac (Bijker and Law, 1992), in

In the SCOT perspective, it is assumed that negotiatiio between certain social groups influences the construction and emergence of new technologies (Bijker and Law, 1992;

1992. Shaping technology/Building society: Studies in Socio-Technical change. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Boczowski, P J 2004.

+Wallsten (2000), USA Small Business Innovation research (SBIR) Programme (1990 1992) 81 Selection correction: Three-equation system (two different participation eqns.:

R&d spending 1992: -employment 1993: no effect Arvanitis et al. 2002), Switzerland Programme of promoting use of Computer Integrated Manufacturing Technologies (CIMT)( CIM Programme, 1990 1996) 463 Selection correction:

b) matched-pair analysis Change in CIMT intensity (1992 1998:++for firms with less than 200 employees+for firms with low intensity of CIMT use Görg andstrobl (2007), Ireland R&d grants from (Industrial Development Agency (IDA) Ireland and Forbairt

15) The next phase, of deepening, occurred with the 14th Congress of the CCPCC (in 1992),

The national innovation system focuses on the innovation process within the geographical space of nations (Lundvall 1992;

Lundvall, B.-A.,ed.,(1992) National systems of Innovation: Towards a Theory of innovation and Interaction. London: Pinter.

Such challenges have been related to the systemic nature of innovation (Smits and Kuhlmann 2004), performmanc of innovation systems (Lundvall 1992;

Lundvall, B.-A°.,ed.,(1992) National systems of Innovation: Towards a Theory of innovation and Interactive learning. London: Pinter.

and researchers (Mendonc¸a et al. 2009) Emerging issues Beyond horizon scanning the concept of emerging issues is used also in the area of risk assessment (Marvin et al. 2009), in the field of environmental issues (Sutherland et al. 2010) and in organisations in their environmental scanning (Morrison 1992).

2008)‘ Calling on a million minds for community annotattio in Wikiproteins',Genome Biology, 9: 5. Morrison, J. L. 1992)‘ Environmental scanning'.