Synopsis:
Time & dates: Dates: Years: 1960:
ART12.pdf
already in the 1960s 40,41 and regularly implemented by the Japanese government since 1970s 42. The Delphi methodology belongs to the subjective and intuitive methods of foresight.
ART19.pdf
and space technology in the 1960s 13. These fields are renowned for their complicated systems, where possible accidents may have far-reaching consequences.
ART23.pdf
Formal rejection of the notion of infinite plasticity came in the late 1960s and early 1970s with the growth of technology assessment (TA) and the creation of the Office of Technology assessment (OTA) in the USA,
ART26.pdf
since the 1960s from the first generation of technology-oriented forecasting to the current third-or fourth-generation activities that also include wider social dimensions (Reger 2001;
ART28.pdf
In the 1960s, government policies in relation to research and technology had predominantly been inspired by an approach that today is labelled often as‘picking winners':
ART43.pdf
Both of these fields have been evolving since the 1960s. Similarly, the continuing pressure for the public participation in science and technology decision-making processes, elsewhere called a‘democratic deficit'and coming from Greenpeace, the Friends of the Earth, the ETC Group,
California Management Review 2 (1960) 70 76.34 B. Gates, Making Capitalism More Creative, Time Inc.,2008 July 31.
ART44.pdf
An example from the 1960s is the introduction of the electronic calculator. In a very short time, slide rules and mechanical calculators disappeared and, in some cases,
ART47.pdf
and their quantification Reduce exposure to the hazardous agent Strategy type Precaution Precautionary prevention Prevention Examples Car friendly urban policy in the 1960's leading to congestion several years
Car friendly urban policy in the 1960's leading to urban sprawl. From a 1970's perspective:
ART5.pdf
Technology assessment (TA) started in the late 1960s as an dearly warningt method 33, merely to inform parliaments about possible negative effects of new technologies.
ART50.pdf
However, the profound socioeconomic changes experienced by most cities in the 1960's and 1970's produced gross mistakes in urban predictions.
ART66.pdf
of which far exceed those of the 1960s or 1970s. Kurzweil (2005) is only one among many to claim that the‘singularity,
ART8.pdf
beginning with Donald Campbell 23 in the T. C. Devezas/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1137 1152 1146 1960s (who coined the term Evolutionary Epistemology to characterize Popper
or evolutionary computation, were invented by John Holland 14 in the 1960s and were developed by Holland and his students at the University of Michigan in the 1970s.
Rev. 67 (1960) 380 400.24 P. J. Richerson, R. Boyd, Built for speed, not for comfort, Hist.
Science.PublicPolicyVol37\6. User-driven innovation.pdf
However, from the 1960s on this industry-push perspective was challenged by more human-centred paradigms that largely reject this notion of technologgica determinism
Science.PublicPolicyVol39\11. Head in the clouds and feet on the ground.pdf
With the tougher fiscal climate of the 1960s and 1970s and the rise of several political challenges, a new steering model emerged where political priorities invaded the decisionmakkin process more explicitly (Elzinga 1985.
Science.PublicPolicyVol39\12. National, sectoral and technological innovation systems.pdf
and the low cost of manufacturing began to invest in Taiwan in the 1960s. Most of these multinational corporations (MNCS) were from Japan and the USA, such as Takeda pharmaceuticals (from Japan) and Pfizer (from the USA.
and sold watermelon seeds since the 1960s (Cai 2007). The technology used by these private companies was the traditional biotechnology of hybridizatiio
Science.PublicPolicyVol39\5. Innovation policy roadmapping as a systemic instrument for forward-looking.pdf
socio-technical transformation. 1. Introduction Since the 1960s, the results of R&d practices have increasinngl been approached as knowledge inputs in the construuctio of science and technology policies.
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