Synopsis:
Time & dates: Dates: Years: 2000:
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Policy 29 (4 5)( 2000) 657 678.6 J. P. Salmenkaita, A. Salo, Rationales for government intervention in the commercialization of new technologies, Technol.
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A systematic and strategic approach to develop standards for the service sector was initiated in Germany in the year 2000 with a large project Service Standards for Global Markets funded by the German Ministry for Education and Research 34.
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Around 2000 nanotechnology started entering this field, offering improvements to existing chip components, but also providing novel concepts for separation and detection, cell analysis, cell manipulation etc.
Change 9 (2000) 269 274.20 P. Savioz, M. Blum, Strategic forecast tool for SMES: how the opportunity landscape interacts with business strategy to anticipate technological trends, Technovation 22 (2002) 91 100.21 D. R. Myers, C. W. Sumpter, S. T. Walsh, B. A. Kirchhoff
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if emerging 2 Phd research will be complete by Jan. 2010.3 Strategic goal for 2010, set for Europe at the Lisbon European council March 2000 (http://www. europarl. europa. eu/summits
www. wiseguys. ltd. uk, a company he launched in 2000 to conduct innovation policy research and provide advice to innovation policymakers and administrators.
by the time of his departure in January 2000, had grown to be a leader in its field, with offices in Brighton, Amsterdam, Paris and Vienna.
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Policy 29 (2)( 2000) 109 123.30 M. Gibbons, C. Limoges, H. Nowotny, S. Schwartzman, P. Scott, M. Trow, The New Production
In 1997 2000 he was Programme Director of TEP, the Hungarian technology foresight programme. He has participated in a number of international research projects on STI policies, innovation and transition,
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Change 65 (1)( 2000) 115 123.22 M. Mannermaa, Futures research and social decision making: alternative futures as a case study, Futures 18 (5)( 1986) 658 670.23 L. Börjeson, M. Höjer, K. Dreborg, T. Ekvall, G. Finnveden, Scenario types
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Studies 1 (9)( 2000) 73 102. Table 2 The main characteristics, differences, similarities and future expectations.
2000 and D. Sc. 2007. She was first working as an environmental policy researcher at the University of Tampere.
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since the late 1990s and reached leading nations in early 2000s. This attainment raised national interest and critical debate of the reliability of the data basis and methodologies used in comparisons.
and soon in early 2000s reached a position among leading nations for example according to competitiveness reports of IMDANDWORLD Economic Forum (WEF).
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but was promoted by the coming year 2000 and the demand for knowledge about the future.
, 2000, pp. 78 92.8 Horizon scan Report, Towards a Future Oriented Policy and Knowledge Agenda, COS, The hague, 2007, www. horizonscan. nl. 9 K. Cuhls
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Creating, Using and Manipulating Scientific knowledge for Public policy, Edinburgh University Press, 1993.6 J. Stiles, Neural plasticity and cognitive development, Developmental Neuropsychology 18 (2)( 2000) 237 272.7 D
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1228 D. K. R. Robinson/Technological forecasting & Social Change 76 (2009) 1222-1239 Fig. 3. Evolution of governance, 2000 2008.1229 D. K
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000 000 120 000 000 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Public research centres FNR UL Figure 1. Public
2000 2007(¤)Source: MCHER). ) Box 1. Parallel strategic initiatives. The OECD Review of Innovation policy was conducted in 2006 and commissioned by the MCHER.
While some of the first generation research programmes (seven programmes were launched in the period 2000 2003) were still ongoing by 2007,
the existence of one (or few) dominant actors influenced the process right from the outset (Thorsteinsdottir 2000.
2.‘Competence niches'refer to areas of potential economic success that develop from the establishment of an exceptionally strong knowledge base in a particular domain. 3. As the GDP of Luxembourg has increased by 50%(from¤22 to 33.1 billion) between 2000 and 2006,
OECD. Thorsteinsdottir, H. 2000. Public sector research in small countries: does size matter? Science and Public policy 27, no. 6: 433 42.
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Smith 2000. In line with these concepts, the 1990s were also characterised by a great reluctance of government policy to prioritise research themes and select technologies in a top down manner.
Smith, K. 2000. Innovation as a systemic phenomenon: rethinking the role of policy. Enterprise&innovation Management Studies 1, no. 1: 73 102.
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however, have questioned the direct influence of scientific expectatiion and technological promises on strategic development of organisations (Sanz-Menéndez and Cabello 2000;
Weber 2006) and as a critical tool in qualitative research (Lynch 2000; Colombo 2003; Cañellas-Boltà and Strand 2006.
1999), Ringland (2002), Brown, Rappert, andwebster (2000), Böhle (2003), Genus (2006), Georghiou (2001), Johnston (2001), Berkhout and Hertin (2002.
but also by economics, innovation studies, organisational studies, linguistics and semiotics, see Van Lente (1993), Brown, Rappert, andwebster (2000), Brown and Michael (2003), Borup et al.
Webster, eds. 2000. Contested futures: a sociology of prospective techno-science. Burlington, VT: Ashgate. Burt, G. 2007.
Lynch, M. 2000. Against reflexivity as an academic virtue and source of privileged knowledge. Theory, Culture,
. and C. Cabello. 2000. Expectations and learning as principles for shaping the future. In Contested futures:
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1999 2000 2001 2002 Priority Patents Family Member Patents Factor Map keywords-combo (Cleaned)( tec..
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 nano-combo methanol stuff Map:
CHANAUD P Badwal AHMED K 012345678 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Company Patenting Trend Who uses their patents?
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Smith 2000; Smits and Kuhlmann 2004. Such developments often build on various processes of sense-making and negotiation that draw upon on foresight conclusions.
Smith, K. 2000. Innovation as a systemic phenomenon: rethinking the role of policy. Enterprise&innovation Management Studies 1, no. 1: 73 102.
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rethinking the role of policy, Enterprise and Innovation Management Studies 1 (1)( 2000) 73 102.17 O. Marsili, The Anatomy and Evolution of Industries:
an analytical framework and key issues for research, Energy Policy 28 (9)( 2000) 625 640.32 A. Salo, T. Gustafsson, R. Ramanathan, Multicriteria methods for Technology foresight, Journal
evolutionary theory, network analysis and postsocialism, Regional Studies 31 (5)( 1997) 533 544.36 G. C. Unruh, Understanding carbon lock in, Energy Policy 28 (12)( 2000
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and the UN Global Compact Initiative (UNGCI) in the GRI G3 guidelines. 3 The UNGCI, launched by the United nations in 2000 in partnership with business,
Associated Business Programs, 1976.6 H. Kahn, Thinking About the Unthinkable, Weidenfeld and Nicholson, 1962.7 H. Kahn, A. Weiner, The Year 2000:
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66th IFLA Council and General Conference, Jerusalem, Israel, 13 18 august 2000. Available at: http://www. ifla. org/IV/ifla66/papers/006-120e. htm (last visited on:
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see for example Klu ver et al. 2000, Renn et al. 1995. Whereas the intention of quantifications using numerical models
, J.,van Est, R.,Joss, S.,Bellucci, S. and Bu tschi, D. 2000), EUROPTA, The Danish Board of Technology, Copenhagen, available at:
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2000). ) Equally, there can be long periods of (apparent) stability, (called‘‘attractors''as they are states to which the system is attracted)
An example of Reframing from Battram (2000: After much searching in many different areas of the city, you have finally found a possible flat to buy
Battram (2000) and Swanson and Bhadwal (2009), have considered how complexity-based foresight can be applied to policy making.
There are at least three key ideas, Battram (2000) and Swanson and Bhadwal (2009), which can help policy makers to promote variation:
Battram, A. 2000), Navigating Complexity: The Essential Guide to Complexity theory in Business and Management, Spiro Press, London.
Ridgeway, J.,Zawojewski, J. S. and Hoover, M. N. 2000),‘Problematising evidence-based policy and practice'',Evaluation and Research in Education, Vol. 14 Nos
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four different paths for the desired end state PAGE 306 jforesight jvol. 14 NO. 4 2012 book Looking Backward 2000-1887.
Bellamy, E. 1951), Looking Backward 2000-1887. With an introduction by Robert L. Shurter, Modern Library, New york, NY,(first published 1887.
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2000 2001 2002 Fig. 1. Number of times dnanotubet is mentioned in article titles (Picarta. 3 The fact that we use the emergence of this specialised journal for this paper is the fact that nanotubes is one of the major topics in this journal.
In 2000, Rueckes et al. Charles Lieber's group, Harvard university, Cambridge, Massachusetts) 16 published the architecture (Fig. 5) of how to make these nonvolatile memories based on the suspended SWNT crossbar (proof of principle.
G. Schmergel, T. Rueckes and B. M. Segal founded Nantero in 2000 (Rueckes being one of the inventors of the proof of principle.
Nantero was founded in 2000 and they received the first Venture capital grant in 2001 19. The fact that Nantero received this grant shows that the investors
Q Within these expectations we see a shift from discovery (2000), via a prototype (May 2003) to manufacturing a proprietary approach (2004).
Nantero has taken up this challenge since 2000. Subsequent results in basic research as well as from Nantero have reinforced the expectations.
a Sociology of Prospective Techno-Science, Ashgate Publishing company, London, 2000, pp. 43 64.6 M. Callon, Technological conception and adoption network:
. Lieber, Carbon nanotube-based nonvolatile random access memory for molecular computing, Science 289 (2000) 94 97.17 T. W. Odom, J.-l. Huang, P
23 P. G. Collins, P. Avouris, Nanotubes for electronics, Scientific American 283 (6)( 2000 (December)) 62 69.24 Cientifica:
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Burger, W. E. 1977),‘Agenda for 2000 AD: a need for systematic anticipation, address delivered at the National Conference on the Causes of Popular Dissatisfaction with the Administration of Justice, St paul, MN, April 1976'',New york state Bar Journal, p. 49.
Kahn, H. and Wiener, A j. 1967), The Year 2000: A Framework for Speculation on The next Thirty-Three Years, Macmillan, New york, NY.
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Brown and Duguid 2000; Tuomi 2002; Oudshoorn and Pinch 2003), downstream innovators also include creative members of communities of practice.
Jacobs 2000. In practice, simple tinkering may also be important. Schön (1987,31) illustrated such a process by recounting Edmund Carpenter's description of the Eskimo sculptor patiently carving a reindeer bone,
. and P. Duguid. 2000. The social life of information. Boston, MA: Harvard Business school Press. Bukszar, E. 1999.
Jacobs, S. 2000. Spontaneous order: Michael Polanyi and Friedrich Hayek. Critical review of International Social and Political Philosophy 3, no. 4: 49 67.
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however, it is not easy to distinguish between the validity of a claim and the collective perception of it (Van Lente 2000;
when projects or programmes bring other outcomes than expected as they usually do (Geels and Smit 2000).
but still forceful (Brown, Rappert, and Webster 2000). Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:02 03 december 2014 Navigating foresight in a sea of expectations 775 3. 3. Expectations
The idea is that a choice of the right Leitbilder will lead to a successful coordination of efforts (Grin and Grunwald 2000;
and thus contribute to lock in (Jacobsson and Johnson 2000; Unruh 2000. On the other hand, foresight can be an antidote as well,
by Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:02 03 december 2014 778 H. van Lente Table 3. Lessons of the sociology of expectations for Foresight objectives of foresight Lessons of sociology of expectations Expectations are drawn from repertoires Expectations
Webster, eds. 2000. Contested futures: A sociology of prospective techno-science. Aldershot: Ashgate. Brown, N,
A. Smit. 2000. Failed technology futures: Pitfalls and lessons from a historical survey. Futures 32, no. 9/10: 867 85.
and A. Grunwald, eds. 2000. Vision assessment: Shaping technology in 21st century society. Towards a repertoire for technology assessment.
and A. Johnson. 2000. The diffusion of renewable energy technology: An analytical framework and key issues for research.
Unruh, G. C. 2000. Understanding carbon lock in. Energy Policy 28, no. 12: 817 30. Van der Duin, P. 2006.
Van Lente, H. 2000. Forceful futures: From promise to requirement. In Contested futures. A sociology of prospective techno-science, ed. N. Brown, B. Rappert and A. Webster, 43 64.
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and emphasised an‘adaptive approach'based on strategic flexibility (Hamel 2000; Mintzberg 1990. Foresight practitioners and scholars generally respond to such criticism by arguing that the role of foresight
on the one hand, throughout the 2000s, BASF, Daimler, Philips, and Siemens operated in different industries that underwent considerably different (kinds of) drivers of change and conditions of uncertainty.
since they started their foresight efforts and in particular throughout the 2000s. On the other hand we analysed the foresight activities of each firm in relation to uncertainty and drivers of change in its business environment and the use of strategic foresight in decision-making.
throughout the 2000s were rather dynamic. The growing pace of technology developmment and the continuous emergence of disruptive changes in customer needs have contributed together to greatly increased dynamism in these industries and for these firms.
operating in the consumer electronic business in the 2000s could be compared to the case of a player who still has to learn both the rules of the game
and managerial cognition (Tripsas and Gavetti 2000) for investigating how to identify discontinuous drivers and how to renew managerial beliefs about the boundaries of their business.
Hamel, G. 2000. Leading the revolution. Boston, MA: Harvard Business school Press. van der Heijden, K. 1996.
and G. Gavetti. 2000. Capabilities, cognition, and inertia: Evidence from digital imaging. Strategic management Journal 21, nos. 10 11: 1147 61.
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The analysis of value within a firm (Porter 1980, 1985a, 1985b,1991, 1997), through the integration of customers into the chain (Mcstravic 1999) and later the incorporation of suppliers/deliverers as well as customers (Bovet and Martha 2000
There is a rising importance in comprehending the advantages that firms can gain from network relationships (Hoffman 2000)
Dempster (2000) concludes that these differences mean that autopoietic systems are oriented homeostatic, development, centrally controlled, predictable and efficient,
Cagnin 2000) can be linked with Losada's notions of high-performance teams and organisations: individuaal and corporations should have the ability to respect each other.
Cagnin, A. H. 2000. Em Busca de uma Ética Ecocêntrica. Master thesis, Universidade de Brasília, Centro de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Brasília.
Dempster, B. 2000. Sympoietic and autopoietic systems: A new distinction for self-organizing systems. Proceedings of theworld Congress of the Systems sciences and ISSS 2000, Toronto, Canada.
Donaire, D. 1999. Gestão Ambeinatl na Empresa. São paulo: Atlas, 2 Ed. Eckenfelder, D. J. 1997.
Hoffman, N. P. 2000. Anexamination of the‘sustainable competitive advantage'concept: Past, present, and future. Academy of Marketing Science Review 2000, no. 4: 1 16.
Holliday, C. O.,Jr, S. Schmidheiny, and P. Watts. 2002. Walking the talk: The business case for sustainable development.
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Several scholars seek to understand the driving forces and the blocking mechanisms that influence the development and diffusion of sustainable technologies (Jacobsson and Johnson 2000;
Jacobsson, S. and A. Johnson. 2000. The diffusion of renewable energy technology: An analytical framework and key issues for research.
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and cognitive science) have been given attention since the mid-2000s. This indicates that science and technologies are becoming interrelated
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and emphasizes the importance of a resource-based view of an organization (Powell and Bradford, 2000;
and maintain the basis of competitive advantage will be limited (Powell and Bradford, 2000). In addition to the resource-based theory, the modern emphasis is on network approaches to industrial strategy
Therefore, it is not possible generate a viable and appropriate technology strategy without a perception of the changing technical capability of our own industry and that of related industries (Powell and Bradford, 2000.
Powell, J. H. and Bradford, J. P. 2000),‘Targeting intelligence gathering in a dynamic competitive environment'',International Journal of Information management, Vol. 20, pp. 181-95.
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In 1997 2000 he was the Programme Director of TEP, the Hungarian technology foresight programme. He has contributed to international research projects on STI policies, innovation,
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Stage Emerging Growth Maturity Decline Period (year)( CRT) 1897 1929 1930 1972 1973 2000 2001 2020 Period (year)( TFT-LCD
A2 h i ð2þ 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986
1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Policy 29 (2000) 409 434.23 D. Hicks, A. Breitzman, K. Hamilton, F. Narin, Research excellence and patented innovation, Sci.
Public policy 27 (5)( 2000) 310 320.24 F. Narin, E. Noma, R. Perry, Patents as indicators of corporate technological strength, Res.
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They claim to have reproduced din silicot 15 previously patented inventions in the field of electronics (6 of them patented after January 2000)
Change 64 (2000) 7 12.38 J. Koza, Genetic Programming: On the Programming of Computers by Means of Natural selection, MIT Press, Boston, Ma, 1992.39 J. Koza, et al.
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Program. 88 (2000) 411 424.59 D. Bertsimas, M. Sim, The price of robustness, Oper. Res. 52 (2004) 35 53.60 L. Breiman, J. H. Friedman, R. A. Olshen, C. J. Stone, Classification and Regression Trees, Wadsworth
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Chang. 65 (2000) 23 29.24 B. Carlsson, S. Jacobsson, M. Holmén, A. Rickne, Innovation systems: analytical and methodological issues, Res.
Urban Plan. 47 (2000) 65 77.52 P. J. H. Schoemaker, Scenario planning: a tool for strategic thinking, Sloan Manag.
, Visions for a sustainable Europe, Futures 32 (2000) 809 831.55 R. Phaal, C. Farrukh, D. Probert, T-plan.
Chang. 65 (2000) 3 22.81 T. J. B. M. Postma, F. Liebl, How to improve scenario analysis as a strategic management tool, Technol.
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35,36. 3 The second vision was presented to the broad public in 2000 by the US National Nanotechnology Initiative called Nanotechnology Shaping the World Atom by Atom. 22 3. 1
entitled Nanotechnology research Directions for Societal Needs in 2020 3 combined retrospective and future-oriented analysis documenting developments in nanotechnology from 2000 to 2010
In comparison with the first vision generated prior to the establishment of the NNI in 1999/2000,
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A technology foresight programme was established with the centre-left government's 2000 business development strategy 30. The strategy contains the following statement:‘.
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The Art of Strategic Conversation, Wiley, Chichester, 2005.3 H. Kahn, A. Wiener, The Year 2000, Macmillan, New york, 1967.4 P. Schwartz, The Art of the Long View, Wiley
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41 (2000) 29 40.3 A. Raps, Implementing strategy, Strategic Finance June (2004) 49 54.4 H. Mintzberg, The fall and rise of strategic planning, Harvard Business Review
Managerial Auditing Journal 15 (2000) 68 76.27 J. Ogilvy, P. Schwartz, Plotting Your Scenarios, Global Business Network (GBN), San francisco, 2004.28 C. W. Choo, Environmental scanning as information seeking and organizational learning, Information Research 7
Then map it, Harvard Business Review 78 (2000) 167 176.30 A. Neely, R. Austin, Measuring operations performance:
Performance Measurement Conference, Cambridge, 2000.31 S. Tonchia, Linking performance measurement system to strategic and organizational choices, International Journal of Business Performance 2 (2000) 15
The Commonkads Methodology, MIT Press, Cambridge, 2002.36 B. J. Witcher, R. Butterworth, Hoshin kanri at Hewlett-packard, Journal of General Management 25 (2000) 70
judgmental effects of common and unique performance measures, Accounting Review 75 (2000) 283 298.53 H r. Maturana, F. J. G. Varela, Autopoiesis and Cognition:
Research 11 (2000) 65 88.61 B. Richmond, A New Language for Levaraging Scorecard-Driven Learning, Balanced Scorecard Report, HBS Publishing, 2001.62 D
The Design and Implementation of a Performance Measurement System in Local government, University of Auckland, Auckland, New zealand, 2000.
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Strategic management Journal 21 (2000) 1105 1121.31 A. Sood, G. J. Tellis, Technological evolution and radical innovation, Journal of Marketing 69 (2005) 152 168.32 G
Science.PublicPolicyVol37\2. Joint horizon scanning.pdf
and Maritime Affaair (Direction générale de l'Industrie, des Technologiie de l'information et des Postes, 2000) and of Industry (Ministère de l
Direction générale de l'Industrie, des Technologies de l'informatiio et des Postes, 2000. Technologies clés 2005 (septembre 2000.
Available from<http://www. limousin. drire. gouv. fr/di/di/fichiers%20pour%20liens/Technocles. pdf>,last accessed 1 june 2009.
Science.PublicPolicyVol37\3. Adaptive foresight in the creative content industries.pdf
) In the period 2000 2003 this sector contributte to more than 25%of Europe's productivity growth, making it the leading sector in the EU econoom both in terms of labour productivity (almost twice the whole economy average
which is reflected in a 29%world market share (worth US$130 billion) in 2000 (Aho Expert Group, 2006).
Science.PublicPolicyVol37\4. Critical success factors for government-led foresight.pdf
For instance, according to Hennen (2000: 154) technology assessment is:..not designed to directly influence political decision making, but to prepare knowledge that is relevant for decision making.
Buetschi and Nentwich (2000) identified several context or foundational success factors for influencing the political role of participatoor technology assessment (see Table 3). These studies tell us that FTA EXERCISES should not be viewed independently of their contexts
Buetschi, D and M Nentwich 2000. The role of PTA in the policy making process, EUROPTA Final Report.
Science.PublicPolicyVol37\6. User-driven innovation.pdf
>Lieven De Marez obtained an MSC in communication sciennce (1999) and then an MSC in marketing (2000.
Wout Joseph holds a MSC in electrical engineering from Ghent University (2000. He started his career at the Departtmen of Information technology (INTEC),
Science.PublicPolicyVol37\7. Impact of Swiss technology policy on firm innovation performance.pdf
and Innovation (CTI) on the innovation performance of the supported firms based on a matched-pairs analysis of 199 firms supported by the CTI in the period 2000 2002.
we identified the subsidized firms in the period 2000 2002 from the CTI database. We collected innovation data for the promoted firms similla to those already existing for a sample of innovating firms of The swiss Innovation Survey 2002 (Arvanitis et al.
2000; Jaffe, 2002; Arvanitis and Keilbach, 2002. In this study we apply matching methods to evaluate the impact of R&d subsidies on the innovatiio performance of subsidized firms.
2000; Hall and Van Reenen, 2000; Klette et al. 2000; Jaumotte and Pain, 2005), a finding also confirmed by the meta-analysis by Garcia-Quevado (2004)
which was based on the results of 39 studies of the effectivenees of public subsidies. All overviews emphasize the importance of the control variables included in any empirical assessment and the level of aggregation at
which a study is conducted. Differences with respect to these two factors seem to explain a large part of the differences found between empirical studies.
+Busom (2000), Spain R&d subsidy programme 1988 154 Selection correction: Two-equation system (participation eqn.:
+Wallsten (2000), USA Small Business Innovation research (SBIR) Programme (1990 1992) 81 Selection correction: Three-equation system (two different participation eqns.:
a list of the firm projects that were subsidized by the CTI in the period 2000 2002;
and the data for firms that reported the introduction of innovations in the period 2000 2002 in The swiss Innovation Survey 2002.
The CTI database contained information on 634 subsiddize R&d projects that were finished between 1 january 2000 and 31 december 2002.
and reported the introduction of innovations in the period 2000 2002 built the pool of non-subsidized firms from
For the firms that finished their projects subsidiize by the CTI during the first half of the period 2000 2002,
Patterns of CTI promotion in period 2000 2002 As already mentioned, in the period 2000 2002 634 R&d projects were supported by the CTI.
Table 2 shows the scientific fields in which these projects were located and the amount of the subsidies granted by scientific field.
we need a pool of Table 2. Subsidized projects and volume of subsidy by scientific field 2000 2002 Scientific field Number of projects Percentage CTI subsidy (in CHF (Swiss francs)) Percentage CTI
CTI database, authors'calculations Table 3. Subsidized enterprises by scientific field 2000 2002 Scientific field Number of firms Percentage Construction technology 11 5. 5
In a sixth and last step we calculated a subsidy quotient for every subsidized firm by dividing the amount of the granted subsidy by the total R&d expendiiture in the period 2000 2002.
Conclusion Based on a matched-pairs analysis of 199 firms supporrte by the CTI in the period 2000 2002 and a control group of 996 firms that were supported not by the CTI,
research project subsidized by CTI in period 2000 2002, yes/no) Firm characteristics Test level 5%Firm characteristics Test level 5%Firm size:
Results with respect to magnitude of subsidy quotient for 2000 2002, calculated using‘nearest neighbour'method Measures of innovation performance Subsidized firms:
Results with respect to magnitude of subsidy quotient (2000 2002) using‘calliper'method Measures of innovation performance Subsidized firms:
and Public policy February 2010 77 Notes 1. See Bozeman (2000); Georghiou and Roessner (2000; and Feller (2007) for recent reviews of the central issues related to the evaluation of the effectiveness of technology programmes.
See also Science and Public policy (34 (10), 679 752) dedicaate to‘New frontiers in evaluation'.'Finally, see OECD (2006a) for an analysis more from the point of view of the policy-maker;
Appendix (continued) Table A. 9. Results with respect to magnitude of subsidy quotient (2000 2002) using‘kernel'method Measures of innovation performance Subsidized firms:
Results with respect to magnitude of subsidy quotient (2000 2002) using‘local linear regression'method Measures of innovation performance Subsidized firms:
There is some measurement error in this calculation due to the time incongruence between subsidies granted before the beginning of 2000
and R&d expenditures strictly referring to the period 2000 2002 that unfortunately cannot be quantified and corrected.
Bozeman, B 2000. Technology transfer and public policy: a review of research and theory. Research policy, 29 (4/5), 627 655.
Busom, I 2000. An evaluation of the effects of R&d subsidies. Economics of Innovation and New technology, 9 (2), 111 148.
David, P, B Hall and A Toole 2000. Is public R&d a complement for private R&d?
Georghiou, L and D Roessner 2000. Evaluating technology programmes: tools and methods. Research policy, 29 (4/5), 657 678.
Hall, B and J Van Reenen 2000. How effective are fiscal incentiive for R&d? A review of the evidence.
and Z Griliches 2000. Do subsidies to commerrcia R&d reduce market failures? Microeconometric evaluation studies.
Wallsten, S C 2000. The effects of government industry R&d programmes on private R&d: The case of the Small Business Innovation research Programme.
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