Synopsis:
Time & dates: Dates: Years: 1994:
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J. Econ. 18 (5)( 1994) 463 514.14 B.-Å. Lundvall, S. Borrás, The Globalising Learning Economy:
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(Gibbons et al. 1994. While Mode 1 research does still exist, Mode 2 research has gained considerable influence in recent years.
March 1994. Traditional alternatives to rational-analytical models of decision processes are political models and anarchical models (e g. the garbage-can and muddling-through models).
knowledge creation and learning naturally come into focus (Nonaka 1994; Nonaka and Takeuchi 1995. In particular, Finnish and other Nordic foresight communities have analysed
and M. Trow. 1994. The new production of knowledge. The dynamics of science and research in contemporary societies.
March, J. G. 1994. A primer on decision making. How decisions happen. Newyork: The Free Press.
Nonaka, I. 1994. A dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation. Organization science 5, no. 1: 14 37. Nonaka, I,
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Thomas, H. 1994. Values and planning. Aldershot: Ashgate. Thygesen, H. 2009. Technology and good dementia care:
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**Nano-surfaces & rare-earth materials 0 50 100 150 200 250 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 nano-combo methanol stuff Map:
CHANAUD P Badwal AHMED K 012345678 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Company Patenting Trend Who uses their patents?
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London, May 1993.13 SQW/PREST 1994 Prioritisation Criteria, A Paper to the UK Technology foresight Steering Group. 14 M. Keenan, Identifying generic technologies at the national level:
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1994). ) The structurally open/structurally closed approach (see chapter 3) could be discussed within this context
Gibbons, M.,Limoges, C.,Nowotny, H.,Schwartzman, S.,Scott, P. and Trow, M. 1994), The New Production of Knowledge:
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including Prigogine and Stengers (1984), Byrne (1998) Mitchell (2009), Goodwin (1994), Strogatz (2003), and Waldrop (1992),
Goodwin, B. 1994), How the Leopard Changed Its Spots, Phoenix, London. Inayatullah, S. 1990),‘Deconstructing
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The second level refers to a 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
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and Lash 1994) have emphasised further the point that reflexivity in thought and action creates a delicate balance between predictability and unpredictability in social systems and interactions.
Garud and Rappa 1994; Bowker and Star 1999; Geels 2005. It is, however, impossible to categorise a particular innovation based on the characteristics of a technical artefact before it is used.
and S. Lash. 1994. Reflexive modernization: Politics, tradition and aesthetics in the modern social order.
and M. Rappa. 1994. A socio-cognitive model of technology evolution. Organization science 4, no. 3: 527 50.
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Roadmaps, 3 scenarios, 4 and strategic options (Dixit and Pindyck 1994) are by far the most popular foresight techniques (Becker 2002;
However, strategic foresight had uneven success. Rigby (2001) found that only 21.5%of North american executives used scenario planning in 1999, approximately 50%fewer than in 1994.
and R. S. Pindyck. 1994. Investment under uncertainty. Princeton, NJ: Princeton university Press. Duncan, R. B. 1972.
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and in one's own emotions (Fell and Russell 1994; Damasio 1996; Maturana 1998; Losada 1999,2001;
. and D. Russel. 1994. An introduction to‘Maturana's'biology. In Seized by agreement, swamped by understanding, ed. L. Fell, D. Russell,
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Such technology opportunitiie analysis (Porter et al. 1994) for NESTS poses notable challenges. FTA increasingly includes science-based technologies
and L. Wang. 1994. Technology opportunities analysis: Integrating technology monitoring, forecasting & assessment with strategic planning.
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Markides and Williamson, 1994. According to the resource-based theory, competitive advantage occurs only when there is a situation of resource heterogeneity and resource immobility (Barney, 1991.
1994). ) It has been defined as:..business sensitive information on external scientific or technological threats, opportunities, or developments that have the potential to affect a company's competitive situation.
Ashton, B. W.,Johnson, A. H. and Stacey, G. S. 1994),‘Monitoring science and technology for competitive advantage'',Competitive intelligence Review, Vol. 5 No. 1, pp. 5-16.
Markides, C. and Williamson, P. 1994),‘Related diversificaton, core competences and corporate performance'',Strategic management Journal, Vol. 15, pp. 149-57.
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Quant. 28 (3)( 1994) 315 327.10 V. J. Caracelli, J. C. Greene, Crafting mixed-method evaluation designs, in:
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1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Table 5 TLC stages of NBS. 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 lb 1 1
an empirical analysis, Rand J. Econ. 25 (1994) 319 333.26 T. H. Chang, A study on the Technique Development of RFID-Base on life-cycle theory, Ph d
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Managing New technology Development, Mcgraw-hill, USA, 1994, pp. 287 314.19 G. Hofstede, Cultural dimensions in management and planning, Asia Pacific Journal of Management 1984
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72 (1994) 107 114. S v. Marinho, C. Cagnin/Futures 59 (2014) 50 61 59 5 S v. Marinho, L. M. S. Campos, P m. Selig, Critical analysis
Science.PublicPolicyVol39\11. Head in the clouds and feet on the ground.pdf
since been enmeshed with policies in other areas, reducing the professional autonomy of the scientific community in setting priorities (Ziman 1994).
but not always, under the coordinating umbrella of public research planning (Ruivo 1994). Today's mechanism for priority-setting in these countries is therefore a hybrid, sometimes drawing upon scientific expertise not only in low-level decision-making but also in the framing of societal challenges underlying science policy priorities (Pielke 2007),
Ruivo, B. 1994)‘ Phases or paradigms of science policy?''Science and Public policy, 21: 173 83. Saich, A j. 1989) China's Science policy in the 80s.
Ziman, J. 1994) Prometheus Bound. Cambridge: Cambridge university Press. 270. M. Benner et al
Science.PublicPolicyVol39\12. National, sectoral and technological innovation systems.pdf
National, sectoral and technological innovation systems: The case of Taiwanese pharmaceutical biotechnology and agricultural biotechnology innovation systems (1945 2000) Chao-chen Chung1 1manchester Business school, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9pl, UK.
Science.PublicPolicyVol39\3. Coping with a fast-changing world.pdf
Funtowitz and Ravetz 1994. While it is more and more difficult to anticipate when and how such changes will occur due to higher complexity,
Funtowitz, S. and Ravetz, J. R. 1994)‘ Emergent complex systems',Futures, 26: 568 82. Geels, F. W. and Schot, J. 2007)‘ Typology of sociotechnical transition pathways',Research policy, 36: 399 417.164.
Science.PublicPolicyVol39\6. Embedding foresight in transnational research programming.pdf
By way of engaging stakeholders in the creation and codification of tacit knowledge (Nonaka 1994), foresight synthesises key findings for decision-makers from fragmented information and expert recommendations.
Nonaka, I. 1994)‘ A dynamic theory of organizational knowleedg creation',Organization science, 5: 14 37. OECD. 2003)‘ Policy coherence',Public Governance and Territorial Development Directorate, GOV/PUMA (2003) 4. Paris:
Science.PublicPolicyVol39\8. Facing the future - Scanning, synthesizing and sense-making in horizon scanning.pdf
It therefoor follows that scanners need to leverage tacit knowleedg (Nonaka 1994) which reflects their experiences and interpretations of perceived reality (Scharmer 2000).
moreover, the creative combination thereof to permit the creation of new entities and meanings (Nonaka 1994).
for instance may allow new meanings (Nonaka 1994) to be synthesized through the shared development of crosscutting challennges From a methodological perspective, internet-based tools for continuous idea generation (Graefe et al. 2010), idea management
Nonaka, I. 1994)‘ A dynamic theory of organizational knowleedg creation',Organization science, 5: 14 37. OECD. 2008) OECD Environmental Outlook to 2030.
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