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Attila Havas (MA 1983, Phd 1997) is a Senior Research fellow at the Institute of Economics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (e-mail:
Inf. 22 (2)( 1983) 191 235.34 Lakatos, The Methodology of Scientific research Programmes: Philosophical Papers, Two Volumes, Cambridge university Press, Cambridge, 1978.35 M. Polanyi, Personal Knowledge:
. Loveridge, Computers and you, Futures 15 (6)( 1983) 498 503.8 E. Powell, Politicians and the future, Futures (1979) 338 341 August 9 A. Giddens, The Consequences of Modernity
of problem-solving systems, Management Science 23 (10)( 1977) 1099 1108.18 W. Ulrich, 1983 Critical Heuristics of Social Planning:
and discussed them in light of, for example, technology foresight, technology forecasting and technology assessment (Martino 1983; Millet and Honton 1991.
Martino, J. P. 1983. Technological forecasting for decision making. Newyork: Mcgraw-hill. Miljø-og Energiministeriet. 1996a. National Strategi for Dansk Miljø-og Energiforskning.
and their realisation requires power struggles (Hughes 1983; Callon, Law, and Rip 1986; Bijker, Hughes, and Pinch 1987;
According to Bergson (1983),they say the same thing in their respective languages, because they respond to the same need'(45).
and community of practitioners (Schön 1983; Constant 1987) and with specialised systems of knowledge and meaning (Polanyi 1998;
Lewontin 1983; Varela, Thompson, and Rosch 1991; Nishida 2012) have emphasissed the environment subject distinction fails to account for the mutual co-determination
Bergson, H. 1983. Creative evolution (first edition 1907. Lanham, MD: University Press of America. Bergson, H. 1988.
Hughes, T. P. 1983. Networks of power: Electrification in western society 1880 1930. Baltimore, MD:
Prentice-hall. Lewontin, R. 1983. The organism as the subject and object of evolution. Scientia 118: 63 82.
Schön, D. A. 1983. The reflective practitioner. Newyork: Basic books. Schön, D. A. 1987. Educating the reflective practitioner:
Cooke (1991), Lipinski and Loveridge (1982) and Amara and Lipinski (1983) have described all similar processes for elicitiin expert (subjective opinion from either individuals or small groups.
The outcome of self-ranking can provide weighting factors for eachexpert'(Amara and Lipinski 1983.
In 1983, Loveridge was only the then latest person to raise questions along the following lines:
. and A j. Lipinski. 1983. Business planning for an uncertain future. Newyork: Pergamon Press. Cagnin, C. H,
1991), whereby the questionnaire is the medium of interaction (Martino, 1983. The Delphi method is especially useful for long-range forecasting (2030 years),
Martino, J. P. 1983), Technological forecasting for Decision making, 2nd ed.,North Holland, Amsterdam. Nelson, R. 1997), Why Do Firms Differ
Cheng-Hua Ien received A MS degree in Food Science and Technology from Taiwan University in 1983.
A2 h i ð2þ 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985
as envisioned by Richard Dawkins 21 in his Universal Darwinism in 1983. Hodgson 20 stated that Darwinism provides a compelling ontology
D. S. Bendall (Ed.),Evolution from Molecules to Men, Cambridge university Press, 1983, pp. 403 425.22 K. Popper, Objective Knowledge:
Chang. 23 (1983) 95 120.5 O. Da Costa, P. Warnke, C. Cagnin, F. Scapolo, The impact of foresight on policy-making:
Japan Government-sponsored cooperrativ R&d projects organized by Ministry of International Trade and Industry (1983 1989) 226 Selection correction:
1983) to a monodimennsiona (scalar) propensity score which comprehhend the entire information of all relevant characteristics. 5 The state of a firm belonging to the group of thetreated'firms is described by d=1,
Rosenbaum, B R and D B Rubin 1983. The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects.
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