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a project funded by the DG JRC-IPTS and conducted by the ESTO network in 2002/2003 34.17 For the Nordic Hydrogen Energy Foresight,
5 (2)( 2003) 46 53.3 T. Könnölä, A. Salo, V. Brummer, Foresight for European coordination:
governance, Technikfolgenabschätzung Theorie und Praxis 12 (2)( 2003) 11 20.13 S. Kuhlmann, J. Edler, Scenarios of technology and innovation policies in Europe:
Change 70 (2003) 619 637.14 J. S. Metcalfe, Technology systems and technology policy in an evolutionary framework, Camb.
In October 2003, the European commission addressed a programming mandate to CEN CENELEC and ETSI in the field of services,
Ex Post evaluation of Regulatory policies Proceedings from the OECD Expert Meeting September 2003, OECD (ed.),Paris:
OECD Publications Service,(2003. 514 K. Blind/Technological forecasting & Social Change 75 (2008) 496 516 5 European commission, European Governance:
Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE Conference on Standardisation and Innovation in Information technology, 2003, pp. 27 35, Delft. 24 H. Grupp, The Foundations of the Economics of Innovation theory, Measurement and Practice
Deuten 2003, page 14). 521 D. K. R. Robinson, T. Propp/Technological forecasting & Social Change 75 (2008) 517 538 then sustained by increasing returns.
Manag. 46 (2 march April 2003) 31 40.4 D. Barker, David J. H. Smith, Technology foresight using roadmaps, Long Range Plan. 28 (2
Manag. 46 (2 march April 2003) 47 52.15 K. Matzler, M. Rier, H. H. Hinterhuber, B. Renzl, C. Stadler, Methods and concepts
Manag. 46 (2 march April 2003) 27 30.18 D. Rigby, Management tools and Techniques: A survey, Calif. Manage.
2003). ) 34 G. Dosi, Technical paradigms and technological trajectories a suggested interpretation of the determinants and directions of technological change, Res.
Actuators B 92 (3)( 2003) 315 325.54 J. El-Ali, P. K. Sorger, K. F. Jensen, Cells on chips, Nature 442 (2006.
Chem. 75 (2003) 3581 3586.56 E. Schilling, A. Kamholz, P. Yager, Cell lysis and protein extraction in a microfluidic device with detection by a fluorogenic enzyme assay, Anal.
Lett. 83 (2003. 60 E. Eriksson, J. Engera, B. Nordlander, N. Erjavec, K. Ramser, M. Goksör, S. Hohmann, T. Nyström, D. Hanstorp, A microfluidic
and Institutions 16 (4)( 2003) 503 526.21 G. F. Thompson, Between Hierarchies and Markets: the logic and limits of Network Forms of Organisation, Oxford university Press, Oxford, 2003.22 S. Wasserman, K. Faust, Social networks Analysis:
e g. the harsh critique by a former British minister of Education and Skills published in The Guardian on 10 may 2003,
The average share of universities in performing basic research was 54%across the OECD in 2003,
At the Berlin Conference, held on 18 19 september 2003, however, the need to incorporate doctoral studies into the Bologna Process was mentioned specifically 41,
of knowledge, Communication from the Commission, COM (2003) 58 final, Brussels, 5 february 2003.3 EC, The European research area:
M. Thorne, ed.,Foresight, OST, DTI, London, 1999.38 EC, Third European Report on Science & Technology indicators 2003:
a conceptual basis for uncertainty management in model-based decision support, Integrated Assessment 4 (1)( 2003) 5 17.8 G. S. Altshuller, Creativity as an Exact Science
Change 75 (4)( 2008) 462 482.8 A. Salo, K. Cuhls, Technology foresight past and future, J. Forecast. 22 (2 3)( 2003) 79 82.9 P
) 25 33.25 K. Cuhls, From forecasting to foresight processes new participative foresight activities in Germany, J. Forecast. 22 (2 3)( 2003) 93 111.26 F. Berkhout
Design 30 (6)( 2003) 885 909.30 B. Truffer, J. Voss, K. Konrad, Mapping expectations for system transformations:
Environ. 8 (5)( 2003) 323 342.40 K. Chatterjee, A. Gordon, Planning for an unpredictable future:
Change 70 (4)( 2003) 359 384.54 O. Renn, Participatory processes for designing environmental policies, Land use Policy 23 (1)( 2006) 34 43.55 B. Truffer, Wissensintegration
She graduated in applied geography from the University of Rome La Sapienza in 2003. Her main research interests concern technology foresight, service research and sustainable development. 1176 R. Koivisto et al./
The Finnish association of graduate engineers developed a technology barometer in collaboration with VTT Innovation studies during 2002 2003. The first technology barometer was published in 2004
, Seminar Paper Prague 2003, UNIDO, Wien, 2003.12 T. Buzan, B. Buzan, The Mindmap Book, BBC Books, London, 1993.13 H. Banthien, K
She is a jurist since 2003 in BMBF, and since 2004 in the Department of Research Analysis, Research Communication and Science Coordination.
New methods for Quantitative, Longer-Term Policy analysis, 2003, RAND MR-1626-RPC. 11 C. Selin, Trust and illusive force of scenarios, Futures 38 (1
on discontinuity and scenario development, Futures 35 (5)( 2003) 423 443.36 Theo J. B. M. Postma, Franz Liebl, How to improve scenario analysis as a strategic management tool?
approximately 20 25%of public research is funded through research councils and national research programmes (Forskningsstyrelsen 2003). Both national research councils and research programmes often channel money to new and important emerging research areas and topics.
The latest strategy plan for the Technical research Council was Strategy plan 2003 2007, publisshe in August 2002 (Statens Teknisk-Videnskabelige Forskningsråd 2002.
The third phase in the development of the Strategy plan 2003 2007 was more important to the end product than was suggested by the term communication format.
Contrary to the earlier 5-year plans, the Strategy plan 2003 2007 was targeted primarily at politicians, with the aim of inspiring them to spend more on science and technology.
and on the different sub-areas of research, the plan for 2003 2007 emphasised the difference that science
the PR company and the authors of the vision papers only a few other persons were involved directly in the development of the Strategy plan 2003 2007.
Itwas not expected that the 2003 2007 planwould have a mediating and coordinating role in the research community or internally within the research council.
In practice, however, there are indications that the Strategy plan 2003 2007 has, at least to some extent, had the effect of coordinating and giving direction to the research community.
it was decided that strategy development from early 2003 should be concentrated on four areas: biomass energy, solar cells, wind energy and fuel cells.
Steps 1 3 were carried out in 2003 and the first half of 2004, whereas the follow-up activities and the roadmaps for some of the areas are being undertaken currently.
The strategy work was used in the funding decisions of the research programmes as early as 2003. In the second half of 2003 and in 2004, two other areas were defined as priorities for strategy development.
First, work on hydrogen technology was initiated, an area with application to research on fuel cells. Second, strategy activities concerning energy-efficient technologies and biofuels were launched by the Danish energy authority.
Forskningsstyrelsen. 2003. Tal om forskning 2003 statistik. Copenhagen: Forskningsstyrelsen. Gavigan, J. P.,F. Scapolo, M. Keenan,
I. Miles, F. Farhi, D. Lecoq, M. Capriati, and T. Di Bartolomeo. 2001. A practical guide to regional foresight.
Strategiplan 2003 2007. Teknisk-videnskabelig forskning: En forudsae tning for vae kst og velfaerd. Copenhagen:
These developments were followed up in 2003 by the establishment of the University of Luxembourg (UL.
000 000 120 000 000 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Public research centres FNR UL Figure 1. Public
The University of Luxembourg was established in 2003 and implies a shift of paradigm, as it was considered always to be a national strategic advantage that Luxembourg students had to go to foreign countries to study.
Keenan 2003 has identified the followingdilemmas'around the framing and conduct of prioritisation:(1) Scope of prioritisation.
While some of the first generation research programmes (seven programmes were launched in the period 2000 2003) were still ongoing by 2007,
Keenan, M. 2003. Identifying emerging generic technologies at the national level: the UK experience. Journal of Forecasting 22: 129 60.
Beck, Bonss, and Lau 2003; Lash 2003; Latour 2003), as a form of governance (Wynne 2002;
Grunwald 2004; Cunliffe 2005; Konrad and Voß 2006) in designing foresight processes and adaptive planning (Grin, Felix, and Bos 2004;
Weber 2006) and as a critical tool in qualitative research (Lynch 2000; Colombo 2003; Cañellas-Boltà and Strand 2006.
Reflexivity is a broad concept, with roots in philosophical, literary and social as well as natural science discourses.
and Lau (2003), towards a new understanding of foresight methodology and practice (Fuller and De Smedt 2008).
'2. See Cuhls (2003), Cuhls and Georghiou (2004), Rask (2008), Van't Klooster and Van Asselt (2006).
1999), Ringland (2002), Brown, Rappert, andwebster (2000), Böhle (2003), Genus (2006), Georghiou (2001), Johnston (2001), Berkhout and Hertin (2002.
2003). ) 5. On visioning in municipal planning, see Shipley and Newkirk (1999), Shipley (2002), Shipley et al.
but also by economics, innovation studies, organisational studies, linguistics and semiotics, see Van Lente (1993), Brown, Rappert, andwebster (2000), Brown and Michael (2003), Borup et al.
Marinetto 2003. 10. The informants involved in the visions project requested to keep their municipality's identity unrevealed.
and C. Lau. 2003. The theory of reflexive modernisation: problematic, hypotheses and research programme. Theory, Culture & Society 20:1 33.
Böhle, K. 2003. Onkey issues of foresight: participation, prioritisation, implementation, impact. Technikfolgenabschätzung 12, no. 2: 32 8. Bood, R. 2002.
and M. Michael. 2003. A sociology of expectations: retrospecting prospects and prospecting retrospects. Technology analysis and Strategic management 15:3 18.
Colombo, M. 2003. Reflexivity and narratives in action research: a discursive approach. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung 4, no. 2. http://www. qualitative-research. net/index. php/fqs/article/view/718 Cornish, E. 2004.
Cuhls, K. 2003. Development and perspectives of foresight in Germany. Technikfolgenabschätzung 12, no. 2: 20 8. Cuhls, K,
. and S. Asmervik. 2003. If planning is everything maybe it's everything? New possibilities and roles in municiple and local planning.
Paper presented at Nordic conference, 14 16 august 2003, Lillehammer. http://www. ks. no/upload/4342/p-hagen asmervik. doc (accessed September 2009).
Lash, S. 2003. Reflexivity as non-linearity. Theory, Culture & Society 20, no. 2: 49 57.
Latour, B. 2003. Is re-modernisation occurring and if so, how to prove it? A commentary on Ulrich Beck.
Marinetto, M. 2003. Who wants to be an active citizen? Sociology 37, no. 1: 103 20.
and D. S. Rothman. 2003. An updated scenario typology. Futures 35, no. 5: 423 43.
K. W. Boyack, Visualizing knowledge domains, Annual Review of Information science and Technology 37 (2003) 179 255.7 A l. Porter, E. Yglesias, A. Kongthon, C. Courseault, N c. Newman, Getting
) 261 274.9 H. Ernst, Patent information for strategic technology management, World Patent Information 25 (3)( 2003) 233 242.10 A. Kontostathis,
Germany and United kingdom, see Havas 2003; Durand 2003; Cuhls 2003; Keenan 2003. This may have been
because Finland is a small country: thus, some results from even seemingly isolated foresight activities can be brought to bear on policy making even in the absence of formal coordination,
Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:11 03 december 2014 Axes of balance in foresight 989
because it is more likely that some experts participate in several such activities. Furthermore, the overall institutional and organisational structure (cf.
Cuhls, K. 2003. From forecasting to foresight processes new participative foresight activities in Germany. Journal of Forecasting 22, nos. 2 3: 93 111.
Durand, T. 2003. Twelve lessons drawn fromKey technologies 2005',The french technology foresight exercise. Journal of Forecasting 22, nos. 2 3: 161 77.
Havas, A. 2003. Evolving foresight in a small transition economy. Journal of Forecasting 22, nos. 2 3: 179 201.
Keenan, M. 2003. Identifying emerging generic technologies at the national level: the UK experience. Journal of Forecasting 22, no. 2 3: 129 60.
and biotechnology that was initiated by the European commission in 2003. It has produced a 20-year vision and a short,
of Forecasting 22 (2 3)( 2003) 235 255.33 M. Keenan, Identifying emerging generic technologies at the national level:
the UK experience, Journal of Forecasting 22 (2 3)( 2003) 129 160.34 B. R. Martin, R. Johnston, Technology foresight for Wiring up the National Innovation system.
of Forecasting 22 (2 3)( 2003) 93 111.40 J. P. Salmenkaita, A. Salo, Emergent Foresight processes:
Strategy & Business 34 (2003 Spring) 71.2 Stephen Haeckel, Adaptive Enterprise: Creating and Leading Sense
Mckinsey Quarterly 2 (2002) 48 57.7 Mark Buchanan, Power laws and the new science of complexity management, Strategy & Business 34 (2003 Spring) 76.
FOREN Guide Foresight for Regional development Network A Practical Guide to Regional foresight, European commission, December 2001.6 H. Chesbrough, The era of open innovation, Sloan Management Review 44 (3)( 2003.
the UK experience, Journal of Forecasting 22 (2003) 129 160.15 A. Rip, A j. Nederhof, Between dirigism and Laissez-faire:
, A. Geldart, The social and economic challenges of nanotechnology, Swindon Economic and Social science Research council, 2003 (available at:
Development Sustainability Environment, Newcastle Civic Centre on 27 september 2003 (available at: http://www. thegreatdebate. org. uk/GDDSEDL1. html, last visited on 03 october 2008.
Readings and Cases in Corporate Morality, 4th ed.,Mcgraw-hill, New york, 1970.26 BSR, Corporate Social Responsibility, Business for Social Responsibility, 2003 http://www. bsr
O. Saritas, J. E. Smith/Futures 43 (2011) 292 312 311 13 K. Steinmueller, Wild cards for Europe, Z punkt, 2003.
2003) that in most Megaprojects costs are underestimated, revenues are overestimated and the environmental effects are undervalued. In part, at least, these unintended effects and theses controversies are rooted in the complex nature of the transport system.
Building on the work of the German Risk Commission (Risk Commission 2003), in the context of this paper risk is understood, in its economic/toxicological/engineering sciences definition,
Flyvbjerg, B.,Bruzelius, N. and Rothengatter, W. 2003), Megaprojects and Risk: An Anatomy of Ambition, Cambridge university Press, Cambridge.
Risk Commission (2003), Ad hoc Commission onRevision of Risk analysis Procedures and Structures as well as of Standard Setting in the field of Environmental Health in the Federal republic of germany'',Final Report, Salzgitter Federal Radiological
Foresight may be either an art or a science, Bell (2003), and may or may not be, a discipline,
including Prigogine and Stengers (1984), Byrne (1998) Mitchell (2009), Goodwin (1994), Strogatz (2003), and Waldrop (1992),
Bell, W. 2003), Foundations of Futures studies: History, Purposes, and Knowledge, Volume 1: Human Science for a New Era, Transaction Publishers, Piscataway, NJ.
Strogatz, S. 2003), Sync: The Emerging science of Spontaneous Order, Hyperion, New york, NY. Swanson, D. and Bhadwal, S. 2009), Creating Adaptive Policies:
The preceding informal network was formed in 2001 and recently, in November 2003, it received a substantial funding of 95 Million Euro by the Dutch government,
In May 2003 a prototype of 10 Gb is ready and produced by standard semiconductor processes 28.
In September 2003 Nantero receives the second Venture capital grant 20. In the same month Nantero shows compatibility with lithography equipment from ASML 18.
Q In May 2003 Nantero 28 states: bcreating this enormous array of suspended nanotubes using standard semiconductor processes brings us much closer to our end goal of mass producing NRAM chips.
Q In September 2003 Nantero 28 states: buniversal memory has been a dream for the semiconductor industry for decades we fell that Nantero's innovative approach using carbon nanotubes
via a prototype (May 2003) to manufacturing a proprietary approach (2004). Hence, the developments at Nantero show a clear way towards commercialisation.
and especially the second round in 2003 is a sign that the investors expect Nantero to succeed,
as stated in May 2003 28: bthis process was used to make a 10 Gb array now,
A Technical, Political and Institutional Map of Emerging technologies, Greenpeace Environmental Trust, London, 2003, July 14 Royal Society, Royal Academy of Engineering, Nanoscience and nanotechnologies:
Nantero Press release (September 2003. 19 Nantero, Nantero, Inc. announces $6mm in funding aims to rapidly develop nanotube-based universal memory.
Nantero Press release (September 2003. 21 P. Ball, Roll up for the revolution, Nature 414 (2001)( November.
Technologies Converging at the Nanoscale, 2003 (January. 23 P. G. Collins, P. Avouris, Nanotubes for electronics, Scientific American 283 (6)( 2000 (December)) 62 69.24 Cientifica:
The Nanotechnology Opportunity Report. 2nd edition (June 2003. 25 M. R. Diehl, S n. Yaliraki, R. A. Beckman, M. Barahona, J. R. Heath, Self-assembled, deterministic carbon nanotube wiring
Nantero Press release (May 2003. 29 Nantero, Nantero's Dr. Thomas Rueckes garners awards and acknowledges company on track for NRAM development.
but not one of the future''(Miles and Keenan, 2003). Along these lines, I believe that Law schools would very much enrich their programs by creating the post for Professors of Legal Foresight
complementing ex ante evaluations (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2003. Ex ante impact assessment is required to check all possible impact dimensions
Miles, I. and Keenan, M. 2003),Two and a half cycles of foresight in the UK'',Technikfolgenabscha tzung Theorie und Praxis, Vol. 12, pp. 41-9. PAGE
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2003),Regulatory performance: ex post evaluation of regulatory policies'',Proceedings of the OECD Expert Meeting, September, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris. Porter, A l. and Cunningham, S w. 2005
from industry to public policy, IPTS Report 73 (2003. 8 J. D. Linton, S. T. Walsh, Introduction.
mstnews 5, 2003, pp. 42 44.15 Technology Futures analysis Methods Working group, Technology futures analysis: toward integration of the field and new methods, Technol.
Since 2003 he is a member of the scientific staff and since February 2004 deputy head of the Institute for Technology assessment and System Analysis (ITAS) at the Research centre Karlsruhe.
2003) distinguished two sources of uncertainty. Epistemic uncertainty, according to these authors, is uncertainty due to the imperfection of our knowledge,
Oudshoorn and Pinch 2003), downstream innovators also include creative members of communities of practice. For example, in the multifocal model of Tuomi (2002), new technical functionalities and propensities are thrown in effect from theupstream'to adownstream'field of interacting social practices,
and standardised interpretations do not exist (Regnér 2003). Instead of emphasising theobjective'in future-oriented analysis, decision processes and future-oriented analysis therefore should methodologically emphasise domains that are labelled conventionallysubjective'.
. and T. J. Pinch. 2003. Introduction: How users and non-users matter. In How users matter:
Regnér, P. 2003. Strategy creation in the periphery: Inductive versus deductive strategy making. Journal of Management Studies 40, no. 1: 57 82.
and M. P. Krayer von Krauss. 2003. Defining uncertainty: A conceptual basis for uncertainty management in model-based decision support.
Brown 2003; Borup et al. 2006; Van Lente and Bakker 2010. This approach studies how expectations in science
Hedgecoe and Martin 2003. Moore's law is an extreme case of a strategic game, reinforced by technology roadmaps,
Brown and Michael (2003) describe the phenomenon of the trough of uncertainty in the study of clinical applications of biotechnology:
2003, cited in Eames et al. 2006). The fact that it was supported by a European programme was an additional reason for suspicion.
or even circumvent lock in conditions by engaging different stakeholders (Havas 2003). This may support the emergence of competing coalitions.
Brown, N. 2003. Hope against hype: Accountability in biopasts, presents and futures. Science Studies 16, no. 2: 3 21.
and M. Michael. 2003. A sociology of expectations: Retrospecting prospects and prospecting retrospects. Technology analysis & Strategic management 15, no. 1: 3 18.
Technology analysis & Strategic management 20, no. 3: 267 9. Havas, A. 2003. Evolving foresight in a small transition economy.
and P. Martin. 2003. The drugs don't work: Expectations and the shaping of pharmacogenetics. Social Studies of Science 33, no. 3: 327 64.
Grant 2003; Wiltbank et al. 2006. The major evidence of this scepticism may be the fact that today foresight is addressed not specifically by most MBA curricula;
Yin 2003. Table 1 provides an overview of our empirical setting. The cases of these firms are extremely explanatory:
Yin 2003. Analysis began with detailed written accounts and schematic representtation of the historical evolution of the industry of each firm.
Grant, R. M. 2003. Strategic planning in a turbulent environment: Evidence from the oil majors. Strategic management Journal 24, no. 6: 491 517.
Yin, R. K. 2003. Case study research: Design and methods. 3rd ed. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Chehebe (1998), ISO (2012), D'Avignon (1996), Cajazeira (1997), Donaire (1999), Maimon (1999), Accountability (1999), BSI (2003.
and interaction, being transparent and accountable to stakeholders (Brinch-Pedersen 2003). Hence, firms should use the evolutionary lessons as a main step in integrating sustainable development into the business model.
and attach concrete meaning and actions to the business's values (Giversen 2003). Trust must be achieved by developing the confidence of all parties in every link of the network's intent and behaviour (Lund 2003.
To build this kind of trust, all parties need to engage, as equals, in dialogue through an inclusive approach (Olsen 2003).
Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:04 03 december 2014 A framework, with embedded FTA, to enable business networks 803 The development of effective and lasting partnerships is critical,
and of legitimacy (important to sustain credibility, recognition and success)( Hardis 2003). Trust cannot be taken for granted
Rosenbeer 2003; Verweire and Berghe 2003; Entovation International 2004; Losada and Heaphy 2004; Fredrickson and Losada 2005.
As a reminder, the model seeks to enable a common strategy and/or strategies aligned across the network,
and are a product of themselves (Rocha 2003). Interpreting complex systems from the perspective of ecosystems,
According to Rocha (2003), complex systems require interactivity: in the same way, it is not possible to understand living systems without perceiving the systemic relationshhip of cells
along with conflicts, generating transparency, development (Giversen 2003; Larsen 2003) and ability to live with the paradox of chaos and order, competition and cooperation, through sympoietic system capability.
Social change implies that people within a society must change: this happens either through encounters outside the specific social system or via reflections through language (Maturana and Varela 1997.
Journal of Business strategy, 21, no. 4: 24 8. Brinch-Pedersen, M. 2003. The Nordic case of partnerships in an international context.
BSI. 2003. The sigma guidelines: Putting sustainable development into practice a guide for organisations. London: Published by BSI for the SIGMA project.
Giversen, J. 2003. The world's first ethical accounting statement. In Corporate values and responsibility the case of Denmark, ed. M. Morsing and C. Thyssen, 1st ed.,33 41.
Hardis, J. 2003. Social multipartite partnerships. In Corporate values and responsibility the case of Denmark, ed. M. Morsing and C. Thyssen, 1st ed.,199 210.
Journal of Management in Engineering, 18, no. 3: 150 5. Larsen, A. H. 2003. Finding and re-finding transparency at Aarstiderne.
Lund, J. E. 2003. Partnerships in practice. In Corporate values and responsibility the case of Denmark, ed. M. Morsing and C. Thyssen, 1st ed.,179 91.
Olsen, L. H. 2003. Corporate accountability the case of Denmark. In Corporate values and responsibility the case of Denmark, ed. M. Morsing and C. Thyssen, 1st ed.,229 39.
Rocha, I. 2003. Gestão de Organizações: Pensamento Científico, Inovação, Ciência e Tecnologia, Auto-Organização, Complexidade e Caos, Ética e Dimensão Humana.
Editora Atlas S. A. Rosenberg, R. 2003. Match your change strategy to your organization's maturity.
and L. V. Berghe. 2003. Integrated performance management: Adding a new dimension. Management Decision 41, no. 8: 782 90. von Zedtwitz, M. 2002.
Technol. 37 (2003) 179 255.2 S. Deerwester, S. T. Dumais, T. K. Landauer, G. W. Furnas, R. A. Harshman, Indexing
Technol. 54 (5)( 2003) 447 461.9 K. W. Boyack, K. Mane, K. Bfrner, Mapping Medline papers, genes,
and Probert (2003), Kostoff, Boylan, and Simons (2004); Phaal, Farrukh, and Probert (2004), Lee and Park (2005) and Phaal and Muller (2009).
and R. Probert. 2003. Technology road mapping: Linking technology resources into business planning. International Journal of Technology management 26, no. 1: 12 9. Geels, F. W. 2004.
Many international organisations, including the European commission (2004a, b, 2003), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2006), the United nations Industrial Development Organization (2007),
References European commission (2003),Innovation policy: updating the Union's approach in the context of the Lisbon strategy'',COM (2003) 112, European commission, Brussels. European commission (2004a),Science and technology, the key to Europe's future guidelines for future European union
policy to support research'',COM (2004) 353, European commission, Brussels. European commission (2004b),Stimulating technologies for sustainable development:
Orwat, 2003. Another famous example is the foresight activity mapping used by the European foresight monitoring Network (EFMN),
Orwat, C. 2003),WP 1 Review and analysis of national foresight; D1. 1a Case study: Austria Delphi Austria'',FZK-ITAS Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft, Institut fu r Technikfolgenabscha tzung und Systemanalyse, available at:
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