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J. Econ. 19 (1)( 1995) 25 46.15 R. Smits, S. Kuhlmann, The rise of systemic instruments in innovation policy, Int. J. Foresight Innov.

Manag. 7 (2)( 1995) 139 168.10 K. Blind, K. Cuhls, H. Grupp, Current foresight activities in Central europe, Technol.

2001.49 K. Cuhls, S. Breiner, H. Grupp, Delphi-Bericht 1995 zur Entwicklung von Wissenschaft und Technik Mini-Delphi, Bundesministerium für

Manag. 7 (4)( 1995) 417 431.3 Richard E. Albright, Thomas A. Kappel, Roadmapping in the corporation, Res.

)( 1995) 21 28.5 T. Brady, H. Rush, M. Hobday, A. Davies, D. Probert, S. Banerjee, Tools for technology management:

The Approach of Constructive technology assessment, Pinter Publishers, London, 1995. Douglas K. R. Robinson obtained his undergraduate and master's degree in Physics and Space S&t at the University of Leicester (UK) and Universität Siegen (Germany.

The rise of a large-scale European information technology initiative, Technology in Society 17 (4)( 1995) 385 412.

Des. 117 (Special B)( 1995) 2 10.15 C. Marchetti, N. Nakicenovic, The Dynamics of Energy systems and the Logistic Substitution Model, International Institute for Applied Systems analysis

Manage. 42 (3)( 1995) 203 214.31 K. Popper, Objective Knowledge: An Evolutionary approach, Oxford university Press, Oxford, 1972.32 J. Derrida, Of Grammatology, John Hopkins University Press, Balitmore, MA, 1974.33 M. Callon, J. P. Courtial

A systematic and Fig. 2. A systemic framework for methods 10.1 For instance, the TA studies carried out by the US Office of Technology (OTA) in 1974 1995 primarily served to inform Congress

1995. Dependability Management. Part 3: Application Guide. Section 9: Risk analysis of Technological Systems, Geneva, Switzerland, 1995.21 Center for Chemical process Safety (CCPS), Guidelines for Hazard Evaluation Procedures, 2nd Ed. AICHE, New york, USA, 1992

Manag. 7 (4)( 1995) 417 431.13 A. Rip, A co-evolutionary approach to reflexive governance and its ironies, in:

and strategy in national research councils and research programmes 919 and the emerging generic technologies likely to yield the greatest economical and social benefits'(Martin 1995).

Also, the definition of foresight given by Martin 1995, cited above, gives probably unintentionally the impression that he understands foresight as a rational-analytical process,

Nonaka and Takeuchi 1995. In particular, Finnish and other Nordic foresight communities have analysed and utilised foresight from this perspective (Eerola et al. 2004;

Martin, B. R. 1995. Foresight in science and technology. Technology analysis & Strategic management 7, no. 2: 139 68.

and H. Takeuchi. 1995. The knowledge-creating company. Newyork: Oxford university Press. Porter, M. E. 1990.

Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:10 03 december 2014 986 S. Jenssen Marcus, G. 1995.

**Nano-surfaces & rare-earth materials 0 50 100 150 200 250 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 nano-combo methanol stuff Map:

CHANAUD P Badwal AHMED K 012345678 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Company Patenting Trend Who uses their patents?

, 1995. Luke Georghiou*Manchester Institute of Innovation research MBS, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9pl, UK Jennifer Cassingena Harper Malta Council for Science and Technology, Villa Bighi, Bighi, Kalkara

Building and Sustaining the Sources of Innovation, Harvard Business school Press, Boston, 1995, p. 135.6 Eric D. Beinhocker, Sarah Kaplan, Tired of strategic planning?

and FTSE was established as an independent company in 1995 http://www. ftse. com/about ftse/About ftse. jsp.

see for example Klu ver et al. 2000, Renn et al. 1995. Whereas the intention of quantifications using numerical models

Renn, O.,Webler, T. and Wiedemann, P. Eds)( 1995), Fairness and Competence in Citizen Participation:

The second level refers to a 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

but ceased to exist in 1995. R. O. van Merkerk, H. van Lente/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1094 1111 1108 development of dusefult applications of technology, CTA

Managing Technology in Society, Pinter, London, 1995, pp. 307 330.7 A. Rip, R. Kemp, Technological change, in:

World Summit for Social development, 1995; Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001. However, the reciprocal relations that may develop between the sustainable development paradigm

World Summit for Social development (1995), Declaration and Programme of Action, World Summit for Social development, Copenhagen.

and prioritizing the future areas of regulation. 6. These were the cases of the future-oriented technology assessment exercises conducted during the period 1974-1995 by the US Office of Technology assessment (OTA).

After receiving a Phd from the University of Heidelberg in 1995, he worked as researcher at the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in Stuttgart.

Bower and Christensen 1995) assumes that we know the dimensions on which we will measure their‘beastliness'at the point of their emergence.

and C. M. Christensen. 1995. Disruptive technologies: Catching thewave. Harvard Business Review (January February: 43 53.

Scenario style photographs portrayed the UK at two time slots, 1985 and 1995. Interviews are used so often to obtain opinion that the procedure is regarded as mundane,

According to this belief in progress, a next version of products, systems or knowledge will be available (Braun 1995.

Braun, E. 1995. Futile progress: Technology's empty promise. London: Earthscan. Brown, N. 2003. Hope against hype:

Martin 1995; Roveda and Vecchiato 2008. The main goal of strategic foresight is to select promptly drivers of change in the company's outside environment (environmental scanning:

Mcgraw-hill. Martin, B. 1995. Foresight in science and technology. Technology analysis & Strategic management 7, no. 2: 139 68.

Barker and Smith (1995), Kostoff and Schaller (2001), Farrukh, Phaal, and Probert (2003), Kostoff, Boylan, and Simons (2004);

D.,and D. J. H. Smith. 1995. Technology foresight using roadmaps. Long Range Planning 28, no. 2: 21 8. Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:05 03 december 2014 Systemic transformation, anticipatory culture,

1995), Norway (Nordic Innovation Centre, 2007), Canada (National research council Canada, 2005) and other developed countries have accumulated significant experience with such projects.

an environmental technologies action plan for the European union'',COM (2004) 38, European commission, Brussels. Loveridge, D.,Georghiou, L. and Nedeva, M. 1995),‘United kingdom Foresight programme, Delphi survey'',PREST

Also, the rule of foresight has changed from the previous explorative forecasting to more be come more oriented to strategic planning (Martin, 1995.

Martin, B. R. 1995),‘Foresight in science and technology'',Technology analysis & Strategic management, Vol. 7 No. 2, pp. 139-68.

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Table 5 TLC stages of NBS. 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 lb 1 1

Manag. 7 (1995) 417 431.50 J. W. Forrester, Industrial Dynamics, MIT Press, Cambridge, 1961.51 J. D. Sterman, Business Dynamics:

J. Econ. 19 (1995) 5 24.34 In: B. A. Lundvall (Ed.),National systems of Innovation: Towards a Theory of innovation and Interactive learning, Pinter, London, 1992.35 R. Nelson, S. Winter, In search of a useful theory of innovation, Res.

Rev. 25 (1995) 40.53 A. Lovins, Soft Energy Paths: Towards a Durable Peace, Friends of the Earth International, San francisco, 1977.231 pp..

This changing context has created a need for foresight understood to be political priority-setting for strategic research. 3. 2. Danish experiments with technology foresight In a green paper from 1995,

strategy in the 1990, Harvard Business Review 73 (1995) 11 128.29 V. Ambrosini, C. Bowman,

15 (1995) 241 257.37 R. Cowan, N. Jonard, J.-B. Zimmermann, Bilateral collaboration and the emergence of innovation networks, Management Science 53 (2007

) This theory of‘technological determinism'fits into the‘diffusion of innovations'framework (Rogers, 1995), which is dedicated to the adoption and diffusion of new technologies in society.

to the point where the adoptiio rate has become so high that the innovation can be considered successful (this is referred to as the‘critical mass')(Rogers, 1995).

Rogers, E M 1995. Diffusion of innovations (4th edn..New york: The Free Press. Rosted, J 2006.

+for firms with less than 200 employees+for firms adopting CIMT for first time Lach (2002), Israel R&d grants from Office of Chief Scientist at Ministry of Industry and Trade (1990 1995) 325 Difference

A decision on accelerating the progress of S&t was launched in 1995, proposing a national strategy entitled‘strategy of revitalizing the nation through science and education'(kejiao xingguo).

Yet, as shown by the statistical data in 1995, the sales of local SMES only accounted for 31%of the domestic market,

C.-C. Chung had led the ASS had trained some Taiwanese experts within these organizations (Lin 1995:

became another important academic institution for agricultural research (Lin 1995: 3; Su 2004: 18). ) A group of Taiwanese scientists trained in US universities introduced modern molecular biotechnology to Taiwanese universities in the 1980s.

Lin, J.-Y. 1995)‘ The experiments and research of Taiwan's Agriculture Experiment Station within recent one hundred years'(.

but often result from a long process involving many interrelated innovaation (Rogers 1995; Freeman and Soete 1997.

OECD. Rogers, E. M. 1995) Diffusion of Innovations, 4th edn. New york: Free Press. Rittel, H. and Weber, M. 1973)‘ Dilemmas in a general theory of planning',Policy Sciences, 4: 155 69.

IPRM builds on two cultures of roadmapping (on roadmapping, see Barker and Smith 1995; Kostoff and Schaller 2001;

Barker, D. and Smith, D. J. H. 1995)‘ Technology foresight using roadmaps',Long Range Planning, 28:21 8. Blackwell, A f.,Phaal, R.,Eppler, M

On this point, Weick (1995) argues that sense-making is not mere interpretation: in fact, it is less about discovery and more about invention.

Weick 1995. Yet the broader significance of this individual sense-making is built collectively, for instance when observations are evaluated

Weick, K. 1995) Sensemaking in Organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Facing the future: Horizon scanning. 231