K. M. Weber/Technological forecasting & Social Change 75 (2008) 462 482 tendances lourdes can be identified like the development of electricity and propulsion technologies starting in the late 19th century and information
Regional foresight Strategic planning Participation Infrastructure 1. Infrastructure planning and foresight In OECD countries, most infrastructure sectors such as electricity supply, water supply and sanitation were constructed over the 20th century by implementing a narrow
References 1 I. Dyner, E. R. Larsen, From planning to strategy in the electricity industry, Energy Policy 29 (13)( 2001) 1145 1154.2 D. Dominguez
Telecom, Land Transport, Water and Electricity, OECD Publishing, Paris, 2006.4 B. Flyvbjerg, Policy and planning for large-infrastructure projects:
The project aims at assessing the development of the Nordic electricity system for the next 20 30 years.
another funding programme for energy research, the Public service Obligation (PSO) Energy R&d programme of the two operators of the Danish electricity grid, gained importance. 1 The PSO R&d programme
has made resources available to it from funds raised through selling electricity to the public. Since its establishment in the late 1990s an increasing amount of money has been channelled through this programme.
The PSO R&d programme was operated by the two electricity grid operators but the Ministte for Economic and Business affairs through the Energy Authority had overall political responsibility
The core group for the strategy development processes, apart from the programme-management staff in the Energy Authority, consisted of representatives from the planning and development departments of the two electricity grid operators.
biomass energy, solar cells, wind energy and fuel cells. These priority areas were decided by the Danish energy authority in collaboration with their counterparts in the PSO R&d programme.
Notes 1. The two electricity grid operators were at that time Eltra and Elkraft System. The government then merged the two organisations into Energinet. dk,
a governmentally controlled entity that operates the main electricity and natural gas transmission grids in Denmark. 2. Another PSO funding programme is represented in the strategy process,
and oxygen into water, producing electricity and heat in the process. They function as an electrochemical device,
fuel cells are recharged with hydrogen and oxygen instead of electricity. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCS) are one of five major types of fuel cell.
a term used by governments to describe material assets that are essential for the functioning of a society and economy (such as electricity generation and distribution, telecommunication, transportation systems, public health, financial services,
and response of the US toward China's growth Kyoto protocol full implementation Political resistance to economic globalization and deregulation Rising economies demand for energy, electricity drives modernisation
allow energy production from all surfaces fading the sun Successful nuclear fusion shifts energy to electricity and hydrogen Regression in the development because of mismanagement of energy sources Hydrogen from LG means pervasive bio-hydrogen production possible Peak oil and climate shifts decisively confirmed meaning to rapid
(as long as you use it) loaded into fast memory. 10 Different materials have a different resistance towards the conduction of electricity.
, iron or copper) conduct electricity very well and are used therefore for wiring to transport electricity from one place to another.
Insulating materials (e g.,, most plastics) conduct electricity very poorly and are used therefore to shield wires from the environment.
Semiconducting materials conduct less well than metals, but better than insulators. Transistors (the basic building block of computer chips) are made from semiconducting material.
Megawatts hour of electricity per inhabitant consumed in a year Economic growth. Increase of per capita gross domestic product (GDP) or other measures of aggregate income, typically reported as the annual rate of change in real GDP Environment Selective collection of solid waste.
He has a background in physics with emphasis in the field of semiconductors and solar cells.
The approach proposed is applied to the development of Dye-Sensitized Solar cells (DSSCS), and shows potential to capture key technoloog
We present results pertaining to the development of dye-sensitised solar cells. Keywords: Forecasting Innovation Pathways;
dye-sensitised solar cells, technology intelligence 1. Introduction New and Emerging science and Technologies(‘NESTS')are studied increasingly because of their potentially important‘emerging applications'.
It presents results pertaining to the development of dye-sensitised solar cells (DSSCS. We treat DSSC abstract records through 2010 based on searches in four databases.
This paper illustrates application of the FIP approach for a further case, that of nanotechnology-enhanced solar cells(‘NESCS'.
given our case focus on solar cells. Several scholars seek to understand the driving forces and the blocking mechanisms that influence the development and diffusion of sustainable technologies (Jacobsson and Johnson 2000;
Within the context of ongoing empirical analyses of nanotechnology(‘nano')R&d, we focus here on how nanomaterials are being used to enhance the performance of solar cells,
DSSCS, one type of nano-enabled solar cells with special promise, are made of low-cost materials and are less equipment intensive than other solar cell technologies. 3. 3. Data We chose a modular,
with J). Detailing how the solar cells function (Step A is treated only briefly (Appendix 2). DSSC R&d (Step C) profiling outputs are illustrated selectively.
Our assessment of the competitor solar cells finds that DSSCS currently hold a minuscule share of the market,
We worked our way back from that intended innovation to identifying particular attributes that could contribute importantly to it (e g. light-transmitting solar cells.
We also contacted Georgia Tech and Emory University colleagues with a background in solar cells. One professor invited us to meet him.
and encourage participation by two professors and four doctoral students with expertise in nanomateriials organic solar cells,
and silicon solar cells. In addition, a faculty member with expertise in innovation processes and nanotechnology joined the three of us (Guo, Huang,
and lag relationships between DSSCS and other solar cells, such as those that are based silicon or quantum dot enhanced.
For solar cells, there are particulaarl toxic materials that could pose dangers during extraction processing, and manufacturing processes.
The research profiling method applied to nano-enhanced, thin-film solar cells. R&d Management 40, no. 2: 195 208.
The case of nano-enhanced solar cells. ITICTI International Conference on Technological innovation and Competitive Technical intelligence, Beijing.
*or (photoelecctr*)same (cell or cells or batter*or pool*))not (melanocyte*or cancer))(1) Various expressions of DSSCS or photo-sensitised solar cells;
or#2 or#3 or#4 Combined search terms Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:05 03 december 2014 Text mining of information resources 861 Appendix 2. Different generations of solar cells Material
Main research target Functional objectives Examples Commercialisation First generation Single-crystalline silicon To make use of solar energy To convert solar energy into current Conventional solar cells Now,
H) silicon To use other semiconductors to replace silicon Cadmium sulphide (Cds) No vacuum processing Compound semiconduccto thin-film solar cells In research,
or cell structures incorporating several band gaps Intermediate band gap solar cells In research, very promising in the future Copper indium diselenide (CIS) Modification of the photonic energy distribution prior to absorption
in a solar cell Up/down conversions Cadmium telluride (Cdte) Reducing losses due to thermalisation Hot carrier solar cells...
Impact ionisation solar cells Tio2, Zno...Totally new principle (by nanotechnology) Enlarged the effective optical path for absorption DSSCS Is coming to market Organic materials Shorten the path that electrons
All Russian hydropower plants together generate just 20 per cent of the electricity produced in the country (Russian Energy Strategy:
(Control) 1 (Electrical machinery, apparatus, energy) Japan Energy management technology/electricity storage technology/efficiently use distributed generation;
advanced and reliable distribution network and system technology for electricity; distributed power generation systems; next-generation SCADA technology;
heat, electricity, cooling cogeneration/building use 15 (Biotechnology) 1 (Electrical machinery, apparatus, energy) Japan Artificial photosynthesis technology/solar energy conversion efficiency;
ocean energy/seawater desalination China Integrated gasification combined cycle 35 (Civil engineering) 1 (Electrical machinery, apparatus, energy) Japan Large-area thin-film solar cells;
''and‘‘Large-area thin-film solar cells with a conversion efficiency of at least 20 percent''.''Other linkages are source technology 24 (Environmental technology) to application technology 20 (Materials, metallurgy),
The content of these topics comprises‘‘Large-capacity long-distance transmission of electricity'',Deep-sea oil and gas mining'',Coal (direct, indirect) liquefaction,
The content of these topics comprise‘‘Large scale network security and defense system for electricity'',Effective supercritical/ultra supercritical power generation technology'',Key Figure 8 Technology interactions across WIPO
technologies in top 25 percent important Delphi topics from China VOL. 15 NO. 1 2013 jforesight jpage 69 technology of solar cells,
and iii) identifying crucial factors that affect a transition towards more sustainable functioning of the electricity sector.
EMA is combinedwith an agent-based model to study transition dynamics in the electricity sector
and negatively affect a transition towards more sustainable functioning of the electricity sector. This paper concludes that EMA is useful for generating foresights and studying systemic and structural transformations despite the presence of a plethora of uncertainties,
The third case presents an EMA study into transition pathways for the Dutch electricity system.
Recent contextual developments constitute a backdrop of change for the Dutch electricity system. Institutional change driven by liberalization, changing economic competitiveness of the dominant fuels, new technologies,
and changing end-user preferences regarding electricity supply are some examples of these developments. EMA is used to explore plausible transition trajectories in the face of these developments given technological uncertainty about investment and operating costs,
or by modifying the stricter slot allocation regime. 3. 3. Identification of plausible transition pathways for the future Dutch electricity generation system Recent contextual developments constitute a backdrop of change
for the Dutch electricity system. Institutional change driven by liberalization, changing economic competitiveness of the dominant fuels, new technologies,
and changing end-user preferences regarding electricity supply are some examples of these developments. In this case
The consequences of each of these alternative developments are assessed using an agent-based model 45 of the Dutch electricity system.
which explicitly focuses on multiple actor groups within the electricity system, most importantly the end users and the generation companies.
i e. using electricity supplied via central generation, and adoption of distributed generation options for self-generation.
gray electricity and green electricity. Various distributed generation options are also available, such as wind turbines and gas engine CHPS.
and price bidding in the electricity market, which are directly related to load dispatching to take place in the market.
average price of electricity on the central grid. The figure shows the upper and lower bounds that are encountered across the 15,000 runs.
virtual worlds ICT solutions, like cloud computing, for smart grids Electricity storages for smart grids 3d Internet technologies Figure 5. Technology roadmap on‘extending natural resources'as a subset of a transformation
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