failing to use available techniques to encourage culture change in stakeholder organisations and creating a much greater digital divide by over-restriction of access to available information. 5. What's the use?
and embedded foresight activities that help RTD stakeholders recognize how the benefits of international collaboration can outweigh the efforts needed to overcome regulatory, institutional, administrative and cultural barriers.
Although the consultation process focused on thematic content (rather than regulatory, institutional, organizational and cultural differences),
What came together in the co-construction of a trajectory were,(1) heuristics,(2) an exemplary product,(3) a cultural matrix of expectations,
1) cell culture;(2) sample treatment;(3) selection of what you want from the treated sample;(
Recently, microfluidics for cell culture, flow cytometers 58, and other microscale flow-based cell analysis systems have been investigated for cell detection.
which includes cell lysis, cell culture and cell electroporation, electrofusion, and optoporation, are also under investigation.
and institutions and communication between them) Governance and policy-making culture (including levels of commitment) Sociocultural factors in relation to public participation and the perceived utility and eventual impacts of foresight exercises The nature of innovation processes and the‘innovation system'in
Moreover, the strength of a foresight culture and capability was increased further and a‘reservoir'of knowledge was created
The evaluation of the eforesee Foresight exercise in Malta 7 highlights even more the value of the foresight process as an agent of cultural and behavioural change.
but also helped embed a wider and deeper foresight culture and offered an example to other countries embarking up the foresight learning curve.
context factors like economic, demographic and settlement development, future political culture and environmental regulations. They select the most influencing
This may, for example, concern integration of theories of networks or organisational culture in risk management more solidly.
A Framework for Learning in Organizations, Institutions and Culture, Routledge, London, 1995.41 M. H. Boisot, Knowledge Asset:
and their active exploitation, are all inherent elements contributing to the basic values and culture of the society.
Economy, Society and Culture, vol. I, Blackwell, Cambridge, MA, 1996.12 M. Castells, The Power and Identity, The Information age:
Economy, Society and Culture, vol. II, Blackwell, Cambridge, MA, 1997.13 M. Castells, The End of the Millennium, The Information age:
Economy, Society and Culture, vol. III, Blackwell, Cambridge, MA, 1998. Torsti Loikkanen is a Senior Research scientist
, Berlin 2006.3 K. Cuhls, Methoden der Technikvorausschau-eine internationale Übersicht, IRB, Stuttgart, 2008.4 Science and Technology foresight Center, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports
in Japan, Delphi Report) Report no. 97, NISTEP, Tôkyô, 2005.5 Science and Technology foresight Center, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), in:
) Report no. 95, NISTEP, Tôkyô, 2005.6 Science and Technology foresight Center, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), in:
of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), in: National Institute of Science and Technology policy (NISTEP (Ed.),Comprehensive analysis of Science and Technology Benchmarking and Foresight report no. 99, Tôkyô:
In the longer run, it can trigger cultural change in the way institutions and organisations approach their long-term future
However, there is no uniform approach as diverging political and administrative cultures as well as overall traditions and styles of policy-making and administration will heavily influence the design of institutional arrangements.
the Ministry of Culture, Higher education and Research (MCHER) as the key policy centre with respect to Luxembourg research;
there is a strong commitmeen from policy makers to build a more forward-looking and strategic culture across the public research base
Adoption of foresight contents in the research and teaching agenda of organisations as well as in various disciplinary matters Improved coherence of policies Cultural changes towards longer
(1 Under the title of a‘Keynote Programme'for the specific fields of research in the humanities, the social and cultural sciences (on the side of the already well established programmes for Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:10 03 december 2014 Trade-offs
it is rather unlikely that it will lead to the emergence of a more forward-looking culture in innovation and research organisations.
The case of stakeholder image construction in a municipal vision project Stefanie Jenssen a a Centre for technology, innovation and culture (TIK), University of Oslo, Norway Published online:
The case of stakeholder image construction in a municipal vision project Stefanie Jenssen*Centre for technology, innovation and culture (TIK), University of Oslo, Norway The article addresses the theme of foresight and equality in the area of stakeholder participation
According to the survey this social group was satisfied least with communal offers for social and cultural engagement.
These future pictures were presented then in a workshop with communal and cultural organisations to discuss which of these were most desirable.
Innovation and Culture, University of Oslo, Norway and writing her Phd on values and uncertainty in foresight informing research policy priorities.
Theory, Culture & Society 20:1 33. Berkhout, F, . and J. Hertin. 2002. Foresight futures scenarios: developing and applying a participative strategic planning tool.
Theory, Culture & Society 20, no. 2: 49 57. Latour, B. 2003. Is re-modernisation occurring and if so,
Theory, Culture & Society 20:35 48. Ling, T. 2002. Decision making in the public sector. In Scenarios in public policy, ed. G. Ringland, 124 31.
Theory, Culture, & Society 17:26 54. Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:10 03 december 2014 986 S. Jenssen Marcus, G. 1995.
life control and social innovations 2. Services and service innovations Business competence in services Culture and adventure services Renewal of public services 3. Well-being and health Physical exercise and nutrition research Mental health
competence Lifelong learning and understanding Deep understanding of own culture 9. Materials Printed electronics Biomimetic materials Controlled synthesis of polymers 10.
as Culture 15 (4)( 2006) 349 365.51 T. Swierstra, A. Rip, Nano-ethics as NEST-ethics:
and Scan program that allows SRICBB to gauge the ongoing turbulent confluence of culture, commerce,
and changes in cultural factors and 0040-1625/$-see front matter D 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. doi:
Constant monitoring of the commercial, cultural, and technological environments is essential to maintaining the needed flexibility.
and cultural environments on a monthly basis. James B. Smith originally brought the scanning process to SRI International in 1979 with the assistance of the futurist consulting group Weiner, Edrich, Brown, Inc,
Q The K. M. Patton/Technological forecasting & Social Change 72 (2005) 1082 1093 1083 marketplace is a turbulent confluence of commercial, cultural,
Our description of the scanning process begins with the collection of data points from the business, cultural,
Culture! Consumer behavior! Public opinion! Business processes! Science! Technology. The breadth of scope inherent in the diversity of the categories represents one of the most important strengths of the scanning process.
and areas of expertise will miss important signs from the broader business, cultural, and technological environments.
Cultural topics are of huge importance in the abstract set because they help define the environment in which commercial products must succeed.
The dramatic disparity between the behavior of Baby boomers currently approaching retirement and the behavior of traditional retirees is yet another cultural topic in the abstract sets.
However, the approach also emphasises the means by which framework conditions affect complex linkages within and between industries and the influence of social, economic and cultural factors.
economy, Society and Culture, vol. 1, Blackwell, Malden, 1996.16 European commission, Green Paper on the convergence of the telecommunications, media and information technology sectors,
Taking account of cultural factors, values and opinions, and the like, PKM includes personal modes of exchange
A Framework for Learning in Organizations, Institutions and Culture, Routledge, London, 1995.18 M. H. Boisot, Knowledge Asset:
The relationship between advances in technology and human social development was established during the Enlightenment well before the notion of‘economics'was born as a cultural invention, rather than as a pseudo-objective science.
1. Participation by both men and women through freedom of association and expression on the one hand and an organised civil society on the other hand. 2. Consensus oriented resulting from an understanding of the historical, cultural and social contexts of a given society and community.
''is the main question this paper raises by describing the new governance landscape which can be represented by a Venn diagram with a triangle at the centre of the three intersecting systems (Fig. 1). 4. Social-cultural evolution The growing need for a better
‘growth'economics that subjugates social, cultural, political and environmental matters towards the consequences of economic growth.
cultural; and institutional-political: the interdependencies among the major elements are suggested in Fig. 2. The social response to sustainability,
and principles of CSR and the GRI reporting into organisational strategies and culture across their value chains. 4 FTSE index date back from 1962,
socio-cultural evolution and government's interests, creating the need for newforms of governance. There is no doubt that innovations in international relations
/Futures 43 (2011) 279 291 286 beyond addressing global inequalities and cultural and religious divides.
Rather than just opening dialogue between science and society solely in terms of environmental or health impacts, there is a need to tackle broader social concerns such as ethical and cultural values, power relations,
For this purpose, looking at the survey results we suggested a STEEP (Social-Cultural, Science & Technology, Energy, Ecology and Economy,
Islam-West cultural gaps; More nuclear equipped nations; Gradually increased concerns for the environment in terms of sustainability, human and animal health, and global warming;
Sub-categories (A b c) to classify Domains of Interest 1. Society & Culture Social Norms, Education, Information & Knowledge society Demographics, Urbanization, Population Health & Migration Equity, Ethical
, Moral & Legal Issues 2. Science & Technology Science Culture & Discoveries Technology Progress Innovative, Transformative Applications & Products 3. Energy Current Energy Use
security and culture close behind; Many of these trends suggest substantial dislocations coming, involving disruptions and shifts to new premises for societal management, e g. energy alternatives, resource shortages,
Examples of trends by category A b c Society & Culture 66 Growth of knowledge/access and need for management Aging/labor force ratio creating tensions Negative prospects from genetic manipulation‘‘Privacy loss''as 21st century externality Pandemic risks increase Genetically designed children will be possible Dematerialisation the West
Over 70%of the trends identified by the participants have high impact on Society and Culture;
Strong emphasis again on ecology-environment and economy with Society and Culture and S&t close behind;
In contrast to the trends, the drivers are grounded more in current areas of expected leverage such as society-cultural change factors,
Examples of critical drivers by category A b c Society & Culture 46 Increased citizen participation with the help of collaborative Web tools International mobility of educated workforce improves cultural
Clear dominance of geopolitics and security not a surprise but followed by Society and Culture some interesting possibilities;
Examples of wild cards shocks by category A b c Society & Culture 42 Rise of dogma, e g. creativism/creationism, social resistance to technological change New diseases from pharmaceutical and space
Strong classes between cultures, intensification of conflicts between cultural classes Population boom & high competition in job markets Decline of knowledge grounded in local society and history because of less direct human interaction
Examples of discontinuities by category A b c Society & Culture 10 Back to basics: nature, safety, home Personalised genomic healthcare Rapid reversal of tolerance to multicultural populations Human systems adapt to new culture of physical and biological requirements Reduced need
for health services‘‘Enhanced Olympics''all enhancements, all drugs allowed Human decisions change because of the Internet advisory capacity Slow down in the world population from development Science
Lots of focus on Society and Culture=a well balanced orientation for a FTA audience; Provocative elements explored:
tipping points in culture, science and ecology; familiar bases for economic value, international conflict and innovations may be shifting resulting in loss of control by the old guard actors;
Examples of weak signals by category A b c Society & Culture 61 Concept of rational behaviour in modernity losing value
diseases Acceptance of new culture in arts, architecture, law and life styles Dependence on anti-factual information, failing roots of knowledge and understanding Declining male fertility Human cloning Science & Tech. 33 Ubiquitous connectivity web
and benefits of FTA and to help build an FTA culture across society through awareness raising''.
predictive, cultural and critical epistemologies'',Futures, Vol. 22 No. 2, pp. 115-41. PAGE 302 jforesight jvol. 14 NO. 4 2012 Mendonc¸A s.,Pine Cunha, M.,Kaivo-oja, J. and Ruff, F. 2004), Futures, Vol
and take advantage of solutions produced by the development in ICT Transformation away from culture of mass-consumption.
cultural and socioeconomic contexts, there is a standard process which exemplifies the procedures followed in most countries
Just as well, some horizontal elements may be entrenched deeply in the local urban culture, while others may be implemented weakly.
In brief, Spain faces a major challenge to change social and cultural behaviour towards sustainable development. Overcoming this challenge will mean undertaking significant changes in day-to-day habits,
and changing nature of demographical structures, cultural practices, environmental affairs and social services.''''Furthermore, the number of studies focused on the connection between FTA and the field of social sciences and humanities has increased substantially (Barre'and Keenan, 2008.
not only be integrated into legal culture, but also into legal academic curricula. In this respect, it is interesting to note that the famous H g wells,
In a second step, these roadmaps shall be adapted to the business culture of small and medium enterprises (SME.
multinational, culture-crossing endeavour. The second effort is negotiated currently to be tested within our own research organisation.
a crisis of consciousness, of behaviours, of cultures and of systems (Hames 2011a. In response to these crises, he saw a need for new forms of dialogue at different levels,
their strategies should simultaneously be based on a‘culture of inertia'(on the historical paths), and on a‘culture of swiftness'(on the constantly forming potentialities of the future).
In line with this, they claim that RTOSWOULD benefit from developing two systemic capacities: partial structural openness enabling flexibility in organisation,
and an anticipatory culture that builds on an anticipatory agency, that is, a proactive participatory approach that leads to action.
They show how process-based road mapping can be applied in building systemic transformation capacities and anticipatory culture,
and cultural historical theories of cognitive development and social learning. The paper is organised as follows. The next section introduces the two sources of unpredictabilitty epistemic uncertainty and ontological unpredictability.
and use some ideas from cultural historical theory to argue that modelling the directionality of the innovative élan requires analysis of progress at several time scales.
when Nokia introduced the first SMS-capable phone. 4. Leont'ev's activity theory was based on Vygotsky's theories on cultural historical development (Luria and Vygotsky 1992).
Epistemic cultures: How the sciences make knowledge. Cambridge, MA: Harvard university Press. Lane, D, . and R. Maxfield. 2004.
The market is a distinct selection environment, next to institutional (regulations), cultural or political selection environments.
The culture of new trends in science and Technology research Policy 28, no. 1: 81 98.
Science as Culture 11, no. 4: 459 79. Houston, J, . and J. Turner. 2001. Developing collaborative solutions to the aging aircraft avionics problem through technology roadmapping.
and cultural landscapes which are likely to shape the future of the transport and mobility business and are carried out at a global level or for a specific region over a 10 15-year perspective.
and mobility (i e. cultural conditioons lifestyles, urban life trends, etc..These scenarios aim to figure out the likely evolution of main business segments of the firm,
'‘Culture',and‘People',with a focus on discontinuities in social values and the expressions of these values as they emerge in customers'attitudes towards the technologies
spatial-technological, institutional-political and cultural-values. Cooperation and dynamic partnerships (Holliday, Schmidheiny, and Watts 2002) are the cornersstone of networked sustainability.
network and organisational culture (Caldow and Kirby 1996. The situation seems to rely on the ability to build a group of generic behaviours or actions over
which a company can correlate its own culture in order to design its individual path towards sustainable development and implement the envisaged plan.
shaped by a firm's individual context and culture, will offer different and clear possibilities to implement the organisation's (network) vision of sustainable development.
spatial-technological, social, economic, environmmenta or ecological, political-institutional and cultural-values. Living systems share matter, information and energy with their external environments:
Business culture: The key to regaining competitive Edge in Competing in Information age strategic alignment in practice, coord.
It's the culture, stupid. Occupational Hazards 59, no. 6: 41 4. Elkington, J. 1998.
and research outcomesdimensions of sustainability Institutional-Business activities Economic Environmental Social Political Spatial Cultural Strategy Principles and Values Visions Proposed Proposed Proposed Proposed Proposed Proposed
and in diverse specific languages becomes critical in this context Competencies There is a latent importance of building an organisational culture that stimulates knowledge generation
http://www. tandfonline. com/loi/ctas20 Systemic transformation, anticipatory culture, and knowledge spaces: constructing organisational capacities in roadmapping projects at VTT Technical research Centre of Finland Toni Ahlqvist a, Minna Halonen a, Annele Eerola a, Sirkku Kivisaari a, Johanna Kohl a, Raija Koivisto
Toni Ahlqvist, Minna Halonen, Annele Eerola, Sirkku Kivisaari, Johanna Kohl, Raija Koivisto, Jouko Myllyoja & Nina Wessberg (2012) Systemic transformation, anticipatory culture
8 september 2012,821 841 Systemic transformation, anticipatory culture, and knowledge spaces: constructing organisational capacities in roadmapping projects at VTT Technical research Centre of Finland Toni Ahlqvist*,Minna Halonen, Annele Eerola, Sirkku Kivisaari, Johanna Kohl, Raija Koivisto
partial structural openness enabling flexibility in organisation and an anticipatory culture that builds on an anticipatory agency, that is, a proactive participatory approach that leads to action.
In this article, we explore the questions of systemic transformations and the building of an anticipaator culture in the context of VTT Technical research Centre of Finland.
First, we discuss the strategic development paths, anticipatory culture and systemic transformation capacities in the context of RTOS.
Second, we show how process-based roadmapping can be applied in building the systemic transformation capacities and anticipatory culture.
culture; roadmapping; strategy process Introduction The geographical scales of innovation systems are interlinked currently more than ever. The interrelatedness poses specific challenges for an organisation striving to navigate in this landscape.
strategies should simultaneously be based on a‘culture of inertia',on the historical paths, and on a‘culture of swiftness',on the constantly forming potentialities of the*Corresponding author.
Email: toni. ahlqvist@vtt. fi ISSN 0953-7325 print/ISSN 1465-3990 online 2012 Taylor & francis http://dx. doi. org/10.1080/09537325.2012.715490
1) partial structural openness in the organisational structures and (2) an anticipatory culture that builds on an anticipatory agency, that is, a proactive participatory approach that leads to action.
and discusses the idea of anticipatory culture and its relations to systemic transformation capacities. Section 3 presents the notion of process-based roadmapping that is based on the identification of knowledge space and roadmap scope.
Strategic development paths and systemic transformation capacities An important starting point when building an anticipatory culture is the realisation that organisatiion act under constant temporal tension.
The idea of an anticipatory culture builds on this temporal tension (Figure 1). Therefore, the adoption of an anticipatory culture does not mean that historical development paths are erased,
but in fact quite the opposite: an anticipatory culture, as we propose it, calls for understanding of historical paths in an organisation.
Every organisation is faced, from time to time, with strategic watersheds decision moments when the organisation has to visit its fundamentals
but the unrealised options also‘haunt'the present in the organisation's Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:05 03 december 2014 Systemic transformation, anticipatory culture,
1) partial structural openness that endorses flexibility in the organisational Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:05 03 december 2014 824 T. Ahlqvist et al. structures and (2) an anticipatory culture that builds on an anticipatory agency
'The second component is a horizontal anticipatory culture that connects the critical knowledge in an RTO.
The anticipatory culture is catalysed by an anticipatory agency. An anticipatory agency can be defined as a strategic ability of an organisation to construct feasible targets for the future through shared dialogue,
For example, the long term in the context of a highly dynamic field, such as mobile Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:05 03 december 2014 Systemic transformation, anticipatory culture,
Thus, the roadmapping exercise simultaneously fosters an anticipatory culture and structural openness through a systematic process and explicit visionary narrative.
It is possible to make a distinction between two roadmapping cultures. First is the culture of technology roadmapping, in
which the roadmapping is approached as a normative instrument to identify relevant emerging technologies and to align these technologies with explicit product plans
In this culture, the roadmappiin process is a tool to endorse product development. Second is the emerging culture of strategy roadmapping, in
which the roadmapping is perceived more as a dynamic and iterative process that produces weighed crystallisations, usually in a visual form, of an organisation's long-term vision,
Therefoore the emerging culture of strategy roadmapping should not be viewed as a‘pure'foresight methodology, but more as a hybrid of foresight and organisational strategy crafting.
Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:05 03 december 2014 Systemic transformation, anticipatory culture, and knowledge spaces 827 In process-based roadmapping,
and an anticipatory culture? In order to realise this, we propose a model that separates roadmap knowledge spaces from the roadmap scope.
In this space, the technology Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:05 03 december 2014 Systemic transformation, anticipatory culture,
Second, it perceived the market as a platform for new Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:05 03 december 2014 Systemic transformation, anticipatory culture,
and attempted to define markets Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:05 03 december 2014 Systemic transformation, anticipatory culture,
the key ideas accentuated the need to build a new kind of serviceorieente operation culture in a field that is considered quite conservative by the actors.
This culture should focus, obviously, not only on the clients, but also on the potential future employees in the field.
Visionary ideas about technology-enabled services could also be one way to stimulate Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:05 03 december 2014 Systemic transformation, anticipatory culture,
towards integrated service packages Visionary Forming a new kind of service-oriented culture in a rather conservative field Fostering structural adaptabiliit for the adoption of new kinds of practices Building explicit visions in roadmap themes:(
and international influences in the field Making visionary timelines for the adoption of new solutions Envisioning development projects based on the results this aspired culture.
Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:05 03 december 2014 Systemic transformation, anticipatory culture, and knowledge spaces 837 Table 6. Summary of the knowledge spaces in the Nordic ICT Foresight.
and even towards fostering a visionary innovation Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:05 03 december 2014 838 T. Ahlqvist et al. culture at the level of nation-states.
and construction machinery roadmap) emphasised the building of a novel service-oriented culture, albeit through differing knowledge spaces and roadmap scopes.
Thus, it fostered the formation of an anticipatory culture, through empowering an anticipatory agency among the in-house professionals.
The Nordic ICT Foresight aimed to foster the visionary notions of‘Nordic innovation culture'and‘common strategy region'in the context of ICT applications.
the construction of an integrative‘Nordic'anticipatory culture was a critical theme. It can be assessed that in all the cases,
1) partial structural openness and (2) a horizontal anticipatory culture based on an anticipatory agency. We presented a model of a process-based roadmap with four knowledge spaces,
Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:05 03 december 2014 Systemic transformation, anticipatory culture, and knowledge spaces 839 The article created insights for managing systemic entities, such as organisations or companies, in systemic environments.
The third insight is about an anticipatory culture. The fundamentals and competencies need to be positioned in the context of‘mobile strategies'that enable the continuous elaboration of targets and the planning of actions.
Long Range Planning 28, no. 2: 21 8. Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:05 03 december 2014 Systemic transformation, anticipatory culture,
infrastructure, and culture and lifestyle gather in the central part, indicating their status as common infrastructure. 4. 3 Areas where innovation is expected in the future The Delphi survey identified 36 key areas out of all 94 areas set by the panels,
Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan The Ministry of Science and Technology of the Republic of korea Ministry of Science and Technology agency or organization responsible for the foresight activity Science and Technology foresight Center, National Institute
The fundamental epistemological divide between QL and QT approaches is exacerbated by the lack of mutual trust between practitioners and users of each approach due to differences in cultures
common to the social sciences as a whole, combined with cultural differences and misconceptions within the FTA COMMUNITY are amongst the factors undermining further methodological integration.
with some kind of bridging mechanism to connect the respective outcomes. 4. 2. Cultural differences in FTA A layer of complexity is added to this methodological debate in the case of FTA,
The shortage of examples of full methodological integration (as shown in Section 3 may also reflect deeply ingrained cultural differences hindering good communication between different epistemological communities.
Efforts to address this cultural clash have focused often on the adaptation of the methods and tools commonly used by the two communities,
each can safely remain in their own cultural realm, as long as a mechanism can be identified to ensure some level of communication 63.4.3.
and differences in cultural backgrounds requires a longer time horizon and below we suggest some of the steps that could be taken in such direction. 5. 2. 1. Lack of identified good practices In light of the growing volume and variety of FTA practices,
either because the cultural differences are rooted deeply, or because the language used is intrinsically different.
which again indicates the importance of stocktaking on good practices. 5. 2. 3. Differences in cultural backgrounds:
closing the epistemological gap In the long run the clash of cultures could be transformed into an asset by developing the right skills to improve the community's work, the level of trust and, ultimately, the policy impact of fta.
In the longer term, the conditions must be created (through education, information sharing, cultural dialogue) for a more integrated community of FTA EXPERTS
, A tale of two cultures: contrasting qualitative and quantitative research, Pol. Anal. 14 (2006) 227 249.64 M. K. B. Lüdeke, Bridging Qualitative and Quantitative Methods in Foresight, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, 2006.
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