This strand of thinking has been developed by many researchers and practitioners over a considerable time-span.
presentation of AF can be found in 29.23 There may be situations where AF practitioners can give this type of support to several participants of a foresight exercise.
A Practitioner's Guide, Thomson Texere, New york, 2003.25 R. Hoogma, R. Kemp, J. Schot, B. Truffer, Experimenting for Sustainable Transport.
The FP6-NEST‘ATBEST'project addressed this problem in a workshop with practitioners but at a too general level. 7 3 We note in passing that‘roadmaps'in the public sector often seem to be no more than outlooks on the future of a field or sector,
and (MPM-2) was used in an interactive way with practitioners as part of a workshop on bridging gaps in the innovation chain from the perspective of practitioners.
We fed MPM-1 into the process of developing MPM-2 to combine both field level MPM with practitioner specific MPM.
MPM for various possible innovation chains requires insights from practitioners who have experience and something at stake in creating
we facilitated a practitioner strategy articulation workshop. The workshop focused on mapping possible innovation chains and challenges for progressing down the number of possible options.
in order to direct research and seek out possible actors who could co-construct an innovation chain based on the Strategic research Areas of Frontiers. 2. Broadening the perspectives of the practitioners participating in the exercise to test the robustness of MPM as part of a strategy support system
Fourteen selected practitioners attended the workshop on 12 june 2006 in Amsterdam. Due to the aims and constraints of this paper we have to 529 D. K. R. Robinson,
Its methodological development and shaping owes its robustness to both a study of the relevant literature and interaction with practitioners.
The project to which the tool development was linked was characterised by interactions with practitioners around forward-looking discussions.
We would like to thank also the practitioners who participated in the workshop. This work was done also under the framework of the Frontiers Technology assessment Program.
A Practitioner's View: Evolutionary Stages of Disruptive technologies, IEEE Trans. Eng. Manage. 49 (4 november 2002) 322 329.22 S. T. Walsh, Roadmapping a disruptive technology:
Impacts and implications for policy and decision making 1, enabled FTA EXPERTS, practitioners, and policy and decision makers to share their ideas
The selection of papers provides the practitioners of future-oriented technology analysis (FTA innovation policy development and others inclined toward the provocation of innovation an opportunity to learn some new approaches as well as to reflect further upon some familiar tools such as risk assessment being profiled re within the new context of FTA.
This article combines preliminary findings from a review of evaluative scenario literature with workshop discussions among scenario practitioners, using environmental relevant policies as a case study. Subject to the nascent evaluative scenario literature
or several aspects of using scenario planning 2. This article merges the findings from this review with the results from a workshop with environmental scenario practitioners and policy-makers.
evaluation and learning amongst environmental scenario practitioners and policy-makers about new forms of long-term strategic policy-making and their enabling conditions.
As part of this analysis we organised a two-day international workshop gathering thirty environmental scenario practitioners from governments
elaborating upon results of a series of workshops with practitioners and policy-makers the authors conclude that new approaches are necessary to increase the relevance
T. Ribeiro/Technological forecasting & Social Change 76 (2009) 1198 1207 4. Reviewing practitioners'perspectives 4. 1. Relevance
we organised an information exchange with thirty practitioners. On the basis of their personal experience, workshop participants were asked to rate the direct and indirect forms of scenario-based decision support both on a scale from 1 (very low) to 5 (very high) with regard to the specific relevance (importance)
But scenario practitioners often confirm that the heterogeneous nature of objectives and interests faced by governments makes it difficult to establish a key client,
Our discussions with scenario practitioners pointed into the different direction. Having an impact on the design
Many practitioners consider scenario building to be a craft or art of challenging mind-sets in strategic conversations about long-term futures.
(and either might be the case) scenario practitioners need to pay more attention to windows of opportunity, the areas of maximum uncertainty and doubt,
A Manual for Assessment Practitioners, forthcoming. 7 B o'Neil, S. Pulver, S. Vandeveer, Y. Garb, Where next with global environmental scenarios?
To introduce inclusiveness will require a change in mindset by programme sponsors, organisers, practitioners, the direct participants and the audience to
Visioning at the service of‘good'Practitioners and scholars have discussed the value of a futures approach in the field of community planning as not necessarily‘in discovering new factual knowledge about sustainable urban developmment
Foresight practitioner and theorist Ron Johnston (2008,18) asserts:‘‘Most OECD member Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:10 03 december 2014 Foresight and governance:
Introduction From priority-setting to societal challenges in future-oriented technology analysis Future-oriented technology analysis (FTA) is derived a term from a collective description given to the range of technology-oriented forecasting methods and practices by a group of futures researchers and practitioners
, academic debate and mutual learning among both academics and practitioners within project contexts such as Forlearn, 6 Costa22, 7 Forsociety8 and intense exchange with other approaches such as futures studies
Many (probably the great majority of) FTA practitioners are familiar with only a limited number of these tools.
But anecdotal evidence suggests that many FTA practitioners are simply reiterating the particular approaches with
and practitioners are in the same situation themselves, where it comes to deciding what sort of FTA to apply.
if FTA practitioners could develop more rapid and effective ways of directing attention to the well-grounded
The knowledge and mental models of practitioners and stakeholders may have to be brought into play in such cases.
and presenting their own disciplinary and practitioner knowledge. They have to work together to cluster ideas
There are fissures between those practitioners and studies focusing on the application of IT systems for KM,
Most FTA practitioners recognise this and most FTA EXERCISES use multiple methods: the way in which methods are combined
FTA practitioners thus confront the problematique of diverse social goals and power arrangements, whether they would rather avoid it(‘‘we are simply serving our immediate client)
as opposed to practitioner lore and hunches, about the implications of these choices and procedures.
It has been structured to allow the Conference attendees, mainly the organizers and practitioners of Foresight, an opportunity to contribute to a value-adding Futures 43 (2011) 292 312 A r T I C L E I N F O Article history:
From this are drawn implications for the community of FTA practitioners. The biggest challenge is to achieve
applications and case studies) have developed out of need (see www. andyhinesight. com/category/foresight-2/(accessed August 2011) re practitioner usage);
Foresight techniques need to enable practitioners to develop a vision of a system's emergent properties the self-organised behaviour that could result from interactions between the parts. 2. All systems have component agents (taxies,
Foresight techniques need to enable practitioners to see the landscape from different perspectives and to generate both optimum and (currently) non-optimum alternative potential strategies and options.
VOL. 14 NO. 4 2012 jforesight jpage 297 B Enable practitioners to visualise systems from very different perspectives,
lesson for the CTA practitioner, in: A. Rip, T. J. Misa, J. Schot (Eds. Managing Technology in Society, Pinter, London, 1995, pp. 307 330.7 A. Rip, R. Kemp, Technological change, in:
The oblivion of future studies in the urban planning field was denounced several years ago by practitioners and researchers (Isserman, 1985;
Nearly 20 personal interviews were made with planning practitioners and public officials in Spain. Interviewees were questioned systematically about their attitude toward future studies
In addition, this particular community of scholars and practitioners has managed also to provide a collective definition of FTA,
This programme (also denominated as The Law of the Future project LOTF) ventured into the study of the future by posing one fundamental question to the legal community of scholars and practitioners:‘‘
legislators and legal practitioners to better understand the world in which Law needs to operate.
and legal practitioners more attentive (and also more accountable) to the outcomes and impact of enacted or revised legislation.
judges and practitioners in doing a better job. Further research is needed therefore on better ways to incorporate quantitative FTA APPROACHES to legal activities,
The assessment of emerging technologies implies the introduction of new methods into the toolkit of the TA practitioner.
There is considerable diversity among practitioners as to what constitutes a roadmap and the roadmapping techniques employed 6. T. Fleischer et al./
political requirements to orientate R&d budgets on the potential contribution of new developments to sustainable development puts some pressure on the TA practitioner.
Other assumed benefits for the TA practitioner are the identification of gaps of knowledge, qualified estimates about technological hurdles and the degree of difficulty to overcome them and related time horizons,
These developments have put pressure on the TA practitioners to rethink their approaches and outputs as well as to review their methods toolbox 15.
These unique conferences have brought together practitioners from three different communities of foresight, forecasting and technology assessment.
and community of practitioners (Schön 1983; Constant 1987) and with specialised systems of knowledge and meaning (Polanyi 1998;
The reflective practitioner. Newyork: Basic books. Schön, D. A. 1987. Educating the reflective practitioner: Toward a new design for teaching
and learning in the professions. San francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Schumpeter, J. A. 2005. The analysis of economic change.
The paper sets out to pay much attention to the situations that may confront FTA practitioners,
while a parallel search for a philosophical cum theoretical basis for FTA is pursued outside the cohort of practitioners.
1989) developed the two-dimensional framework shown in Figure 1. Meredith's notions can help FTA practitioners'position methods to guide their role and use.
Scholars and practitioners in the field generally respond to such concern about the reliability of foresight by arguing that its role is not so much to predict the future,
In this way, we try to enhance the use of foresight by practitioners and to respond, at the same time, to the criticism of (some part of) the academic community:
we try to enhance the academic standing of foresight and its use by practitioners: we believe that matching the right foresight approach with the specific kind of uncertainty faced by a firm is an essential condition in order to foster and nurture the learning process about the future
These present various methodological aspects of FTA APPROACHES as well as some advances needed in practice to assist FTA practitioners
These present some advances needed in practice to assist FTA practitioners and stakeholders in comprehending transformations
The fundamental epistemological divide between QL and QT approaches is exacerbated by the lack of mutual trust between practitioners and users of each approach due to differences in cultures
or on the communication of EMA results to policy makers and FTA practitioners. De Smedt et al. 5 claim that grand challenges require policy-makers to address a variety of interrelated issues
Another part of the FTA COMMUNITY, constituted by Forecasting and Technology assessment practitioners, holds an opposite standpoint, considering qualitative and participatory approaches as a second best option, to which we are compelled somehow to refer until adequate quantitative methods arise.
Nevertheless in the discussions at the 2011 FTA Conference some trends were identified suggesting that methodological combination may potentially become more common amongst FTA scholars and practitioners.
or a foresight practitioner identifying the right stakeholders to invite to a workshop). Second, when FTA and especially foresight is addressing the intrinsically uncertain challenge of devising possible futures,
and reinforced by, the lack of researchers, practitioners and evaluators skilled in both quantitative and qualitative FTA APPROACHES. 10 It is for instance neither common, nor easy,
and interpret both approaches leads to lack of trust amongst practitioners of each approach. Such lack of trust again reinforces existing epistemological barriers,
Addressing practical incompatibilities between both approaches may also gradually change preferences of FTA practitioners for specific methods in favour of integrated approaches.
and practitioners from different methodological traditions is crucial at least at three major stages of FTA PROCESSES:
and practitioners from different methodological traditions at each stage. 5. 2. Overcoming long-term barriers Overcoming barriers such as the lack of identified good practices,
and provide accordingly differentiated support to FTA practitioners. They should also pay particular attention to validity and uncertainty of its main subjects.
establishing teams combining experts and practitioners from both communities from the start, and devoting more attention to communication processes.
practitioners, and users to emerge, where no divide needs to be brought down because no divide exists in the first place.
the paper offers a new technique for FTA practitioners in their work of supporting long-term planning. Another important challenge inmany FTA projects is supporting amulti-actor process.
EMA offers practitioners a model-based method for handling such situations. Rather than developing a single or a small number of model-based estimates for a phenomenon of interest,
EMA allows practitioners to develop an inclusive ensemble of models that captures the breath and richness of the multiplicity of worldviews,
and techniques available to FTA practitioners. 5. Conclusions The aim of this paper was to investigate the potential of EMA for FTA.
Another major avenue of research is on the communication of EMA that results to policy-makers and FTA practitioners.
The outcomes of this inquiry are presented in Section 4 including also implications for practitioners by elaborating elements of good practices and areas of improvement.
and practitioners into how we constitute knowledge and realities in our thinking and research practice 27.
and practitioners where the case studies have been articulated and analyzed in their context as part of the Cost Action A22 network. 1 In doing so,
In addition, implications for practitioners are highlighted by elaborating elements of good practice and areas of improvement. 4. 1. Window of opportunity Leveraging the first perspective,
As an implication for practitioners, we recommend that careful design of scenario exercises is needed to achieve a balance between developing
A Practitioner's Guide to Developing and Using Scenarios to Direct Strategy in Today's Uncertain Times, Thomson Southwestern, Mason, Ohio, 2006.33 J. Buur, B. Matthews, Participatory innovation, Int
Of course some practitioners can and do seek to bridge the gap but there is little to suggest that this creates a common culture at least it can further mutual understanding.
practitioners, and policy makers from across Europe and around the world to discuss FTA. The 2011 conference focused on an important topic, the need and potential of FTA to address disruptive transformations in response to grand societal challenges.
While the technology assessment crowd and the small but regularly present business oriented strategy practitioners voiced worries about the‘‘scientific''legitimacy and practical effectiveness of the at times open ended and exploratory nature of thinking about the future.
or set of shared terms and propositions that would allow both practitioners and users of FTA to situate
Nevertheless, both practitioners who are carrying out foresight processes and academics who are studying foresight processes need to simplify Futures 59 (2014) 5 17 A r T I C L E I N F O Article history:
Practitioners must be very careful when transferring experiences between countries and even more careful when planning cross-national foresight exercises.
practitioners, and public and private sector decision makers from all regions of the World. Available online at www. sciencedirect. com Technological forecasting & Social Change 75 (2008) 457 461 Corresponding author.
it is important that FTA practitioners understand the policy-making process. This could be achieved by adapting and fine-tuning FTA ACTIVITIES to fit particular context and clients.
Amongst the projects she was leading there were targeted activities supporting mutual learning on Foresight among practitioners
Moscow 101000, Russia 1. Introduction Over the last decade, scholars, policy makers and practitioners from various fields have witnessed
and practitioners to tackle this challenge. Several tools have been developed that foster alignment between strategy and actions
What has been accepted by many FTA practitioners as‘post-foresight, 'and hence not their responsibility, should now be recognised as an integral part of the FTA PROCESS.
A second observation is that it proved to be necesssar to engage with practitioners early on in the process of data gathering
However, practitioners may try to preserve the status quo, depending on their market position. The challeeng is to grasp the current situation
one of the objectives of the research was to look at how the practitioners of foresight defined primary program success. After a comprehensive reviie of foresight evaluation
and practitioners Notes 1. See website, available at<www. forfas. ie, >last accessed 3 february 2010.2.
we then identify two imporrtan challenges for scholars and practitioners from a user-driven innovation perspective.
The experience of FTA practitioners in implementing foresight tools provides further evidence of the effectivenees of particular tools in meeting particular challenges in the most appropriate ways.
methods and results that should be kept in mind by both practitioners and policy-makers. Keywords: emerging science and technology issues;
Several lessons can be drawn from this experience that should be kept in mind by scanning practitioners and policy-makers alike.
as evidenced by the considerable interest that practitioners and policy-makers have expressed in exploring alternative and even conflicting interpretations of the future (Kuosa 2010;
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