Definition/construction of target population in terms of type of organisation, sectors, size classes, and regions Collection of survey and preparation of data set;
Construction of an econometric model based on theoretically defined relation of regulations and standards and goal variables;
Dosi, 1982, p 152) In their paper investigating the airplane construction regime, Nelson andwinter 35 argued that
What came together in the co-construction of a trajectory were,(1) heuristics,(2) an exemplary product,(3) a cultural matrix of expectations,
The workshop was used for the co-construction of the organizational dimension of the MPM where the underlying path dynamics could 525 D. K. R. Robinson,
The social Construction of Technological Systems: New Directions in the Sociology and History of Technology, The MIT Press, Cambridge Massachusetts, 1987.37 P. A. David, Clio and the economics of QWERTY, American Economic Review, vol
This is illustrated in Fig. 2. 8 For an analysis of the social construction of knowledge and related implications on definitions,
identifying possibilities for technological regime shifts in aircraft construction, Int. J. Innov. Manag. 6 (3)( 2002) 301 318.3 P. Anderson, M. Tushman, Technological discontinuities and dominant designs:
and related construction of composite indicators 1. Methodological issues need to be addressed transparently prior to the construction and use of Fig. 1. Internal structure of technology barometer. 1179 T. Loikkanen et al./
aid the construction of complexity scenarios, and aid in locating and targeting Constructive TA activities.
The Social Construction of Technological Systems: New Directions in the Sociology and History of Technology, The MIT Press, Cambridge Massachusetts, 1987.16 K. Green, R. Hull, A. Mcmeeking, V. Walsh, The construction of the techno-economic:
networks vs. paradigms, Res. Policy 28 (1999) 777 792.17 S. Bakker, H. van Lente, M. Meeus, Arenas of expectations for hydrogen technologies, Innovation studies Utrecht (ISU) Working
but rather are a construction of meanings or from political negotiations. There is no clearly defined time horizon in either case.
The construction of this new quarter will be finished by 2013 with costs exceeding¤600 million.
6. 1. Sense-making and the construction of political ownership As the main S&t policy body in Luxembourg,
however, shows that the collection of young people's contributions was preceded by the construction of a specific image of them as stakeholders.
This construction was partly a way to agree on how young people should be regarded as a social group
however, this image construction as authentic stakeholders was not enough to define their role as participants.
Through both image construction and the pre-processual framing of contributions, the project leaders thus ensured that the future ideas contributed by the young were well within the possible and the desirable.
an additional stakeholder and participant construction by the project leaders was needed to ensure a desired outcome of the project.
The administrative and political leadership's construction of a specific stakeholder image and the preconditioning of the young people's contributions is a good example of exactly this performative way of exercising rhetoric and representative power in a municipal planning process.
'He describes CFS as belonging to the layer of critical and epistemological futures work that goes furthest in studying the social construction of reality,
reflexivity and the social construction of knowledge, a note to authors in COSTA22. European Science Foundation. http://www. costa22. org/articles. php (accessed June 2009.
(i e. forest industries, construction), partly in view of earlier cluster-oriented studies: for if the panels had been defined based on such sector boundaries,
and policymakers in the domain of research and innovation gravitates towards a concept that in its construction already includes the participation of both communities.
and action within it that can contribute to the construction of the future. Involvement inthe FTAPROCESS thus increases the understanding of itsoutcomes and their relevance in various situations,
The joint construction of knowledge by participants may result in a great deal of the key knowledge being shared within the team or workshop involved.
''Major‘‘combination''moments come in the scenario construction sessions that constitute the heart of the workshop.
As a consequence, the social construction of sustainable development becomes a process ofmanaging multidimensional social conflicts embedded in the six dimensions for sustainability as articulated systems:
it allows for the construction of common visions and produces issue-specific knowledge through dialogue,
Parthasarati, P. and Levinson, D. 2010),‘Post-construction evaluation of traffic forecast studies'',Transport Policy, Vol. 17, pp. 428-43.
In 2008-2009 The Finnish Prime minister's Office coordinated the construction of the government foresight report on climate and energy policy (Prime minister's Office, 2009.
polluting energy industry (especially peat energy), transport and logistics, construction, meat production and travelling. As for the public's approval for the actions needed to prevent the unwanted effects of climate change
to increase competence in wood construction and create jobs in that field. In the evaluation of government foresight report by Wilenius (2011), attention was drawn to the fact that the government foresight report could have dug deeper into the economic implications of climate and energy policy
co-construction by all possibly relevant actors is not straightforward. Therefore, we suggested in this paper that a focus on expectations
while it is unfolding at this very moment gives the opportunity to observe (for example with the method proposed in this paper) the construction of the technology in a more symmetrical way.
systems development, site development and building construction. Each of the five steps has its own geographical scope, objectives, operational methods, norms and administrative procedures.
and diversified than 20 years ago when it was dominated by the construction and tourism sectors.
and ecological tourism 46 Basic services (construction/real state) 72 Farm and forestry activities 37 Economic trend analysis Electric energy consumption MWH/pc (annual) 3. 98 Medium 4 Medium-high 4. 9 Low
Priority will be given to the construction of road infrastructure in detriment of the railway system. The implementation of the public transport system will not be feasible due to the excessive dispersal of land uses and the low density population.
Priority will be given to non-motorized transport modes, with the construction of new lanes. Figure 7 Current spatial scenario (2010) PAGE 328 jforesight jvol. 14 NO. 4 2012 4. 5 Step 5:
B Channel the growing demand for mobility by people and goods through the construction of new environment-friendly transport infrastructure.
and provide the necessary material and input for the scenario construction process. The consultation of experts as a methodological approach to the study of the future of law resulted in a very original and creative exercise.
It not only contributed to the construction of the various alternative scenarios that the project had planned to present,
scenarios constitute an instrument of construction, communication and problematisation of the future. First, and regarding the constructive aspect, scenarios are building processes:
This is particularly so in the case of the construction of alternative scenarios, in which the future is segmented in a number of different (and sometimes conflictive and opposing) hypothesis. In this way,
and sometimes mountains feel like anthills under construction. As many authors (Haldane 1931; Whitehead 1978; Maturana andvarela 1980;
Natural systems are at least partially constructions of the human mind but natural selection and the linkage between action and cognition weed out models that are incompatible with the world.
for example, the construction of those artificial natural systems that we usually call technology. Rosen clarified the modelling relation in considerable theoretical and conceptual RIGOUR.
This is because natural systems are also cognitive constructions, partially based on existing anticipatory models and partially on the available repertoire of cognitive categories.
and innovative construction of new empirically relevant categories, not predictive modelling. An example here is the problem of formulating‘grand societal challenges'.
The social construction of technological systems: New directions in the sociology and history of technology.
In The social construction of technological systems: New directions in the sociology and history of technology, ed. W. E. Bijker, T. P. Hughes,
which in turn means algorithm construction and computation. Advanced algorithms and enhanced computer power are very likely to become features of every aspect of life, human and nonhuman,
in the performance products and construction sectors, macro trends of increasing pressure on cost-saving, environmental concerrns and growing urbanisation have led the firm to boost product development in the thermal insulation,
We also used an optimized stopword list prior to construction of the initial term Fig. 1. Process of putting data into a Vxinsight map. 3 FY=fiscal year,
e g. advanced materials Several novel single technology elements were embedded in the roadmaps Social/actor Exercise covered social/actor space from the selected perspectives Capacities for linking of knowledge internally, e g. construction and ICT
and construction Novel market features and actors were identified, e g. integrated service provider Markets for new services and service providers in the field Built capacities for the construction of new integrated market players and clarified the role of VTT in relation to these new
players Articulated demand opportunities especially in the advanced building service solutions Identified societal and market drivers,
In the social/actor space, the project aimed primarily to form capacities for linking knowledge internally atvtt, by combining construction expertise with ICT expertise.
Construction Machinery Roadmap: strategy space and visionary space, systemic I scope The third case is an example of a systemic network roadmap.
The construction machinery roadmap was aimed to develop new service capacities for a network of technology-oriented companies,
The construction machinerywas defined as machines, tools, and equipment that are used on the building site for making end-products and for providing different repair tasks and related services.
Knowledge spaces and systemic capacities The construction machinery roadmap can be approached as systemic I type roadmapping process,
the construction roadmap emphasised three aspects. The first aspect was about building new client-oriented and environmentally sustainable practices in the field
the construction machinery field should partake in the processes of the clients in new ways and seek long-lasting partnerships.
and knowledge spaces 835 Table 5. Summary of the knowledge spaces in the Construction Machinery Roadmap.
In addition, the field of construction machinery should actively endorse a kind of horizontal anticipatory agency, for example, through novel technology and services concepts,
abilities at Nordic regional level Construction of implementation strategies Visionary Building long-term visionary glimpses to the futures of ICT applications and adoption of ICT in Nordic region Aimed at systemic
Built capacity for systemic resilience at Nordic regional level Identification of‘black swan'type of development options Construction of visionary adaptive strategies on the basis of assessment of alternatives to build
to the construction of novel knowledge linkages in an organisation, and even towards fostering a visionary innovation Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:05 03 december 2014 838 T. Ahlqvist et al. culture at the level of nation-states.
and construction machinery roadmap) emphasised the building of a novel service-oriented culture, albeit through differing knowledge spaces and roadmap scopes.
Two of the projects, the building services roadmap and the construction machinery roadmap were explicitly about renewing an already well-established industry with locked-in practices.
and the construction machinery roadmapwas about finding newbusiness directions in the network of actors in the field.
the construction of an integrative‘Nordic'anticipatory culture was a critical theme. It can be assessed that in all the cases,
Concluding remarks The article discussed the construction of the systemic transformation capacities in an RTO. It proposed that two kinds of systemic capacities are of importance:(
which extends the horizons of roadmappiing We also presented four case examples the Building Service Roadmap, SSB Network, Construction Machinery Roadmap,
A vision of the construction machinery sector and future roadmap 2012 2020. VTT Asiakasraportti VTT-CR-00459-12.
for example, energy and other resources) and this was reflected in the construction of grand challenges. In terms of engineering science and technology, it was a relatively simple process to identify possible responses from the research and innovation systems at a national level, through addressing known gaps in capacity and building on emerging areas of strength.
In some cases, the diagnosis of the grand challenge in The irish context was more straightforward than the construction of a set of possible responses from the research and innovation system.
The content of these topics comprises‘‘Circulating fluidized bed flue gas desulfurization'',Coal gasification-based poly-generation technology'',Energy consumption analysis for construction and building environmental systems and energy saving optimization technology,
Theoretically and methodologically this approach makes possible the construction of models from the level of processes that are immediately and empirically observable, namely the local interactions of single units (agents) governed by local rules.
and construction times are open to surprises affecting the actual completion time. Other important uncertainties are related to learning effects on costs and technological performance.
0000 MW for different technologies Planning and construction periods Average period for planning and constructing new capacity for a technology Parametric Varying between 1 and 5 years for different technologies Progress ratios Ratio for determining cost reduction due to learning curve Parametric Varying
and a short planning and construction time for Technology 1 also hinder the transition toward sustainability,
and longer planning and construction period for Technology 2, lead to low fractions of sustainable technologies.
Preference against unknown Average planning and construction period Tech. 1 Lifetime of Technology 1 Lifetime of Technology 3 CO2 avoidance performance of Technology 2 Expected
The construction of a new runway and the moving of operations are in this approach not planned for a particular moment in time,
but it has been shown that differences in the construction of time play a significant role in the construction of meaning about the future (e g. of nanotechnologies 44).
The generic methodological requirement from this perspective is an explicit account of the construction of time within the context of the study at hand.
the social construction of ignorance in science and environmental policy discourses, Econ. Soc. 41 (2012) 107 125.50 L. Borjesön, M. Hojer, K.-H. Dreborg, T. Ekvall, G. Finnveden, Scenario types and techniques:
lessons learned from two construction projects, International Journal of Project Management 31 (3)( 2013) 391 399.32 C. O. Cruz, R c.
2. Construction of strategy maps: once the strategic objectives have been defined, the next step consists of constructing a cause-effect map illustrating the route by
Thus, the system fostered the possibility to reshape the organization's strategy. 3. 2. 3. Positive results The construction of strategic maps through system dynamics (step 2 phase 3) enabled an in depth understanding
This is true even in stages one would believe to be otherwise, like in the development of scenarios, in the construction of strategy maps or in the strategic management of initiatives.
this paper makes a series of recommendations regarding horizon scanning processes at the national level and the construction of common future-oriented policies.
Closely related to the social shaping perspective is the social construction of technology (SCOT) approoac (Bijker and Law, 1992), in
In the SCOT perspective, it is assumed that negotiatiio between certain social groups influences the construction and emergence of new technologies (Bijker and Law, 1992;
the construction of‘the social'in designing new technologies. In Everyday Innovatoors Researching the Role of Users in Shaping I's, L Haddon, E Mante, B Sapio, K-H Kommonen, L Fortunati and A Kant (eds.
He teaches and researrche on statistics and econometrics, especially on measures of economic inequality, the construction and maintenance of panels of firms,
The projects in the fields of machiiner and apparatus construction as well as informattio technology (software) amounted to about 33%of all projects
subsidy per project (in CHF) Construction technology 27 4. 3 3, 801,686 3. 1 140,803 Biology 23 3. 6 5, 462,365 4. 5 237,494 Electrical machinery/electronics 32 5. 0 6
, 477,776 5. 4 202,431 Information technology 103 16.2 17,235, 837 14.3 167,338 Machinery, construction of apparatus 105 16.6 22,735, 819 18.8 216,532
CTI database, authors'calculations Table 3. Subsidized enterprises by scientific field 2000 2002 Scientific field Number of firms Percentage Construction technology 11 5. 5
Biology 7 3. 5 Electrical machinery/electronics 12 6. 0 Information technology 21 10.6 Machinery, construction of apparatus 23 11.6 Material sciences
structure of answering enterprises by scientific field Scientific field Number of addressed enterprises Number of answering enterprises Percentage share of answering enterprises Construction technology 16 11 68.8
This is instanced by the recent reframing of FTA from contributing to evidence-based policy towards a greater emphasis on the construction, analysis and interpretation of narratives.
Another tension is that between the ideal rational objecctiv stance, philosophically impossible but still a useful guide to the construction of reliable knowledge,
shoes, furniture, automotive, cosmetics, marine, industrial automation, civil construction, medical equipment, plastics, furniture and aeronautics..Strategic foresight for FINEP (the case study of this paper) and the Sa o
and Grupp 2001) This approach aims to link the present decisions and actions to a strategic perspective, coping with the possibilities of the future for the construction of commitmeent around national priorities for ST&I. 248.
The final workshop,‘FINEP of the future',provided a forum for further discussions between employees and stakeholders, resulting in the construction of the key elements of the proposed plan:.
allowed for shared commitments between the relevant players to facilitate the construction of a future vision and roles for FINEP in the national ST&I system.
Construction of S&t Infrastructures and Construction of the S&t Industrialization Environment) 3 to‘basic+mega',reflecting the greater emphasis placed on basic research and infrastructure,
for delineating research directions, for contributing to the construction of advocacy coalitions in support of desirable change,
Construction is subject to a relatively high degree of regulation, including technical building codes and quality standards for energy consumption, safety and health.
companies that operate across several jurisdictions report high compliance costs due to multiple regulatory frameworrks The second bottleneck is based the project nature of construction, with little replication at the design level.
It is among the first to adopt sustainable constructiio technologies and green business models in building and construction.
At present, the most important driver in the construction sector is cost-efficiency. Short-term pressuure for profit dominate over the longer term building performance issues and user needs.
Population growth, especially in the form of immigration, sets the critical framework for the construction sector in Victoria.
Sustainable construction in emerging markets; Demographic change in advanced economies DRIVERS: Support to strategy processes and global market foresight MARKETS:
Green building standards go mainstream in new constructions; Retrofitting existing stock to meet environmental standards SOLUTIONS:
Construction regulations have traditionally been based on setting standards for particular technologies or processes. This may have a negative effect on innovattio in the industry
Collaboration between the key R&d players and the government would be important especially in the Victorian context, due to the fragmented nature of the construction sector.
Regulations are also developing in a performance-based direction as green building standards are increasingly going mainstream in new constructions.
and will be used in construction to monitor and control the environmental condition and the materials performannce In the medium term,
The construction of complex products and systems',Research policy, 29: 955 72. Geels, F. W. 2002)‘ Technological transitions as evolutionary reconfiguration processes:
Squicciarini, M. and Asikainen, A. 2010)‘ Sectoral innovation performance in the construction sector'.'Final report, task 1. Europe Innova, Innovation Watch.
where a pilot call is planned to collect additional intelligence on future trends and scenarrio and support the construction of stakeholder communities and platforms.
This construction is essentially a collective activity of knowledge creation. Against this backdrop, we regard horizon scanning as:
Mo ller, K. 2010)‘ Sense-making and agenda construction in emerging business networks How to direct radical innovatiion'Industrial Marketing Management, 39: 361 71.
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