flexibility, adaptivity, agility, resilience, etc. Somewhat developing the conceptualisation by Eriksson 19, we will operate with the terms robust and adaptive as the highest level concepts.
robustness and flexibility. Then we reserve the term‘robust'for options having the additional property of being fixed passive
unless accompanied by the flexibility inherent in a well-trained cadre of fire-fighters. 2. 2. 2. Sequential decision-making and adding adaptive options The fire example is also useful for starting off the discussion on one-shot vs. sequential
flexibility, and adaptivity within a common framework. A proposed package of decision options resulting from an AP exercise will typically consists of both robust (fixed and flexible) and adaptable parts.
Whilst following their paths actors consider a number of factors‘along the road'(which contribute a considerable amount of uncertainty, and demand flexibility.
Flexibility is attractive for developing sustainable innovation chains but requires a belief in the technology. The participants agreed that this is lacking in MNCS due to previous hype-disappointment cycles such as in biosensors.
Strategic flexibility means different things for different actors and situations, programme managers in particular can use it to be flexible in the selection of projects into a portfolio,
and the flexibility to adapt and respond to changing circumstances. The literature suggests that the emerging knowledge societies are also‘risk societies',characterised by decision-making conducted within an environment of increasingly uncertain or incomplete knowledge.
and (e) improving flexibility and complex adaptation. The factors facilitating networking are (a) enhancing organisation position and reputation;(
Network operation has to find a balance between flexibility and coordination efficiency, while also having to tackle problems of legitimacy, accountability and implementation.
flexibility and the sustainability of the networks created. The inputs and outputs should exploit the compatibility and complementarity of the available areas of expertise.
The sanitation system has limited flexibility to adapt to changing context conditions as its key technical components have a very long life time (e g. sewer system last 80 years,
Strengths include the replacement of the cost intensive sewer network and the flexibility of the system, especially under downturn and top/flop scenarios.
Technol. 49 (5 6)( 2004) 35 37.10 T. Larsen, W. Gujer, Waste design and source control lead to flexibility in wastewater management, Water Sci.
Notwithstanding the context dependency of scenario planning, more and more scholars argue that effective scenario planning therefore needs procedural stability in addition to flexibility.
so that there is flexibility to change and a capacity to absorb knowledge across a wide range of global knowledge networks.
This pointed towards a relative flexibility of what was regarded as possible and desirable development. Yet these three areas were situated already around one central dotted line
Maintaining the flexibility to accommodate constantly changing market dynamics has become more important than ever in planning processes.
and technological environments is essential to maintaining the needed flexibility. Such monitoring of the external environment is the foundation of an open intelligence system.
Flexibility Results of each phase of the project were disseminated widely and feedback on these results was used in the next phases,
and the flexibility, individuality, and instability of work. Information society calls, for instance, for a new legislative framework to recognize
Drivers have real leverage on one's future flexibility and outcomes i e. if a driver goes one way
''conserving a degree of discretion, flexibility, interpretation and creativity that only humans can give. Law is a fundamental human activity,
partial structural openness enabling flexibility in organisation, and an anticipatory culture that builds on an anticipatory agency, that is, a proactive participatory approach that leads to action.
and emphasised an‘adaptive approach'based on strategic flexibility (Hamel 2000; Mintzberg 1990. Foresight practitioners and scholars generally respond to such criticism by arguing that the role of foresight
the greater will be its flexibility. The system will then be able to make evolutionary leaps characterised by the appearance of emerging properties.
partial structural openness enabling flexibility in organisation and an anticipatory culture that builds on an anticipatory agency, that is, a proactive participatory approach that leads to action.
1) partial structural openness that endorses flexibility in the organisational Downloaded by University of Bucharest at 05:05 03 december 2014 824 T. Ahlqvist et al. structures and (2) an anticipatory culture that builds on an anticipatory agency
is a partial structural openness that endorses flexibility in responding to the systemic flows, such as changes in the business environment or in the customer's innovation processes.
what allows for the necessary flexibility required to take part in the selection process at the several levels of the evolutionary game 25.4.4.
policy-making needs to be dynamic with built-in flexibility 8, 15,20 24. The initial ideas for this paradigm were developed almost a century ago.
Given ignorance about the possible side effects of technologies under development, he argues that one should strive for correctability of decisions, extensive monitoring of effects, and flexibility.
drawing on adaptivity and flexibility already showed a significant shrinkage of the performance bandwidth. To investigate the conditions under which one plan would outperform the other,
Flexibility, either avoidance of surprises or fast utilization of sudden opportunities becomes one of the key issues.
P. Van der Duin/Futures 59 (2014) 18 26 22 flexibility of strategies, which was not how they were applied in most case studies (with the exception of The hague), because of a lack of time or expertise.
Such flexibility can also serve diverse users of foresight results, thus leading to diverse impacts in different regions and conditions. 3. Case:
Flexibility was critical to build ownership of results and enable all project partners to have the same understanding of the ways in
and include some flexibility, including available resources. Also, from the viewpoint of risk management, the presence of interdependencies makes it advisable to provide some flexibility 31,32 in scheduling,
even if the process as a whole may then exhibit more inertia. By considering the above features in the design phase it is easier to manage the process according to plan.
In the IMS2020 project such flexibility was obtained by encouraging partners to have embedded smaller meetings whenever workshops
Such flexibility was very important during the scenario and vision building processes. In both cases meetings not initially planned were scheduled with selected partners
workshops, meetings) enabled flexibility in the overall process, such as the one mentioned for developing scenarios and a shared vision.
study, International Journal of Project Management 20 (2002) 1 11.31 E. Osipova, P. E. Eriksson, Balancing control and flexibility in joint risk management:
This method allows for greater flexibility when updating or changing targets, irrespective of established budgetary planning.
The high degree of uncertainty and the flexibility of the methodological approach also demanded that impact assessment
which the concept of‘interpretative flexibility'is used to refer to the differences between individuals and social groups when it comes to giving meaning to technological development (Haddon et al.,
scalability, modularity and flexibility. The value of novel approaches to FTA to more effectivvel identify,
One response, based on introducing higher levels of flexibility into governance systems, is via a much more systematic embedding of FTA within government.
Due to the uncertainties and complexities involved, it is also important to have sufficient flexibility to allow alternative approaches,
above all, having flexibility and resilience in its application, which enabled it to be adapted to the specific needs of each study..
Additionally, there are limitations to achieving the necessaar flexibility, creativity and cross-disciplinary research needed to tackle grand challenges,
Growing flexibility of FTA systems. FTA in support of organisations'and institutioons embedding in decision-making is needed in the light of a fast-changing turbulent environment.
This heralds a new generation of FTA systems, reflecting a stronger emphasis on flexibility, networking and institutionalisation,
Greater flexibility in international research cooperation is encouraged by the availability of flexible funding from multiple sources including public private partnerships, foundations and charitable donations.
Self-powered wireless sensors Cost-efficiency Customer-driven, flexibility, accessibility MARKETS: Pricing values building performance over its life-cycle;
which we address by way of elaborating guiding foresight principles of scalability, modularity and flexibility.
is designed to address country-specific issues Insufficient knowledge of similar national programmes in other countries Lack of budgetary flexibility Lack of mutual trust Source of funding does not encourage use of funds for transnatiiona activities Language
capabilities and culture in transnational programming also calls for flexibility in the design and management of the foresight process.
Foresight can be structured in a way that allows flexibility in design to respond to the changing expectations of stakeholdders for instance including open access
In the EMIDA ERA NET flexibility is built into the design through:.the establishment of a small foresight team prepared to be adaptive and flexible depending on the changing conditions. search for a balance between planned foresight activities and expected additional non-defined activities of the FPU In the Urban Europe case,
in order to maximise the flexibility in developing the forum. Flexibility is applied also in the pilot phase,
which offers participating countries various options and instruments to participate (such as foresights, joint calls, and the alignment of existing programmes) in variable geometry.
Towards this end, the modular design is helpful by way of including process and result flexibility.
Process flexibility refers to the ability to make methodologgica changes in how certain results are obtained such as:
However, the process flexibility may not alter the format in which the results are expected to be presented, for instance,
In turn, with the notion of‘result flexibility'we refer to leaving flexibiliit with regards to how the results are expected to be presennted Between the modules executed in sequence,
it is possible to have both process and result flexibility, thus to make changes in overall design
and innovation systems Figure 3. Process and result flexibility in modular foresight design for transnational research programming. 202.
combining the flexibility of Wikis with the structure of databases',Bioinformatics, 26: 2210 1. Chilton,
mass customisation Change in work Individual is a lifetime entrepreneur, time and location flexibility, and mental flexibility necessary (lifelong learning), greater importance of women in business and society Increasing mobility and transport Due to increasing global flows of goods and leisure Increasing
energy consumption results in resource depletion The development of alternative energies, revival of nuclear energy, decreasing consumption of resources Climate change Slowing climate change through political processes, additional stress caused by population growth and wealth
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